Hathor

Statue of Hathor (Luxor Museum)

Hathor was an Egyptian goddess. She was a cow goddess and was associated with the Milky Way. Hathor was the daughter of Ra.

Temples and worship

There are still remains of Hathor's temple in Dendera, Egypt. Dendara was her most well known. Her temple is 37 miles away from Luxor. It is thought that the temple of Hathor was built and decorated between the second century B.C.E. and the first century C.E. It had two intricately designed columned halls with the head of the goddess Hathor engraved in to each of them. Additionally, several shrines were built on the flat roof of the temple. There was also an enclosed sacred lake where the priests and patients would bath in order to heal themselves and become pure. There was sacred treasure hidden in two underground rooms near the sanctuary. At her temple people would pray to her for good wealth. Overall, Hathor was a busy goddess, as were most of the other gods and goddesses.

Goddess' purpose

In Egypt, Hathor was the goddess of love, beauty, dancing, music, and fertility. Hathor is one of the main goddesses. Hathor means "House of Horus". Before Hathor was the nice goddess, she was the goddess of destruction. There was a myth that Ra ordered Isis (Sekmet) to go out and stop bad interdimensional beings and other forms of evil. She did this by channeling a supressed part of herself known as Sekmet. When days passed, Ra wanted Sekmet (Isis) to stop because the energies and frequencies she was giving out started messing with the weather, causing storms and fires but Sekmet was entranced. When she would not stop, Ra grabbed red wine and scattered it all over the land. Sekmet saw it and thought it was the blood of the people, coming out of the trance, she thought she killed people so she went into a meditative state. After she slept for three days and woke up renewed, she didn't want to slay any more and became a new goddess, Hathor.

Appearance

Hathor appeared in four different forms. In human form, Hathor had a cow head with two cow horns. She was represented as a cow because cows were highly valued animals. She wore a menat which was a special necklace. A menat is a heavy beaded necklace with a crescent shape in the front and a tall mushroom shaped piece in the back. In one of her animal forms, she was a cow with an ankh. An ankh was the symbol of life. Another of Hathor's animal forms was a fierce lion. Hathor's symbol was a cow with a sun disc. The ancient Egyptians drew her as the sky of the Milky Way. Hathor's titles include the Golden One, the Lady of Song, the Mistress of Maidens, and the Lady of the Sycamore. She had traveled to Greece from a horrible argument with the gods and goddesses, she was banished from the land, and she was so ashamed of herself, she became the goddess of beauty and love.

Power

Hathor had a lot of power over Ancient Egyptians moods. Hathor had the power to bring laughter, happiness and joy. If she was far away the Egyptians mood would become miserable. Hathor very much enjoyed helping and changing others moods embracing them and loving them dearly. Hathor saw past the hell that was placed and granted Peace to all for eternity. Everyone then became their own Ptah.

Hathor Media

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  Drawing of the Narmer Palette, c.31st century BC. The face of a woman with the horns and ears of a cow, representing Hathor or Bat, appears twice at the top of the palette and in a row below the belt of the king.

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  Banquet scene from the tomb chapel of Nebamun, 14th century BC. Its imagery of music and dancing alludes to Hathor.

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  Hathor as a cow suckling Hatshepsut, a female pharaoh, at Hatshepsut's temple at Deir el-Bahari (15th century BC).

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  Hathor, in bovine form, emerges from a hill representing the Theban necropolis, in a copy of the Book of the Dead from the 13th century BC

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  Copy of a statue of Hathor (center) with a goddess personifying the Fifteenth Nome of Upper Egypt (left) and the Fourth Dynasty king Menkaure (right); 26th century BC

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  Hypostyle hall of the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, first century AD

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  Remains of the Hathor shrine in the Timna Valley

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  Ptolemaic plaque of a woman giving birth assisted by two figures of Hathor, fourth to first century BC

References

• Relmer, Pat Egyptian Mythology
• Dunand, Francoise God and Men in Egypt
• Manning, Ruth Ancient Egyptian Women
• Wilkinson, Richard The Complete Gods and Goddesses in Ancient Egypt
• Barret, Clive The Egyptians Gods and Goddesses
• Lesko, Barbara The Great Goddesses of Egypt
• Fisher, Lenard The Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt

• Hathor Article by Caroline Seawright Archived 2010-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
• Domain of Het-Hert (Hathor) Archived 2019-01-14 at the Wayback Machine