Battle of Hampton Roads
The Battle of Hampton Roads was a naval battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on March 8 and 9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It was an important battle because it was the first combat between ironclad warships.
The Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia[a] tried to break the Union navy blockade of Hampton Roads. The blockade prevented all commerce with Norfolk and Richmond, Virginia.[b] On March 8, the Virginia sank and damaged several union battleships. On March 8, the Union ironclad USS Monitor arrived and fought the Virginia. The battle lasted for several hours. But neither ship could defeat the other.[1] Both ships left the fight thinking they had won.[2] But the Confederates failed to break the blockade.[3]
Both ironclads were lost soon after the battle. When Norfolk fell in May 1862, the CSS Virginia was destroyed by its crew so it wouldn't be captured.[4] The USS Monitor was lost in a storm near Cape Hatteras on December 31, 1862.[4] Her wreck was found in 1974.[5]
The Battle of Hampton Roads did not make a big difference in the outcome of the Civil War.[6] But it changed the way people fought wars with ships.[6] The battle proved that ironclad warships were much stronger than wooden ships.[6] After this battle, the U.S. and other countries stopped building wooden ships.[7] They started building iron warships instead.[7]
Battle Of Hampton Roads Media
Map of events of the Battle of Hampton Roads
CSS Virginia (ex-USS Merrimack)
- USSMonitoratsea
Sinking of Cumberland by the ironclad Virginia
Virginia drives Congress away from her anchorage
The heart of battle, from an 1871 wood engraving published by A.S. Barnes & Co.
First Battle of Iron Ships of War by Henry Bill. Shown are USS Monitor, CSS Virginia, USS Cumberland, CSS Jamestown, USS Congress, and USS Minnesota
Destruction of the rebel monster Merrimac off Craney Island, May 11, 1862, by Currier and Ives
Engraving of Monitor sinking
.jpg)
Notes
- ↑ The Virginia was originally named the USS Merrimack. It was burned so the Confederates would not capture it. But it was repaired and renamed the CSS Virginia.
- ↑ Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. Norfolk was an important port that helped keep the Confederates supplied.
References
- ↑ Clifford L. Linedecker, Civil War, A to Z: The Complete Handbook of America's Bloodiest Conflict (New York: Ballantine Books; Presidio Press, 2005), p. 156
- ↑ John V. Quarstein, The Battle of the Ironclads (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999), p. 8
- ↑ Adam Hook; Angus Konstam, Hampton Roads 1862: Clash of the Ironclads (Oxford: Osprey, 2002), p. 7
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Craig L. Symonds, The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001), p. 87
- ↑ "Union Navy Ship USS Monitor". American Civil War.com. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "The Monitor and the Merrimac Face Off in Battle of Hampton Roads". The Learning Network. The New York Times.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "The Battle of the Ironclads, 1862". Eyewitness to History. Ibis Communications, Inc. Retrieved 6 June 2016.