Box jellyfish
Box jellyfish are cnidarian invertebrates that contain some of the most dangerous jellyfish in the phylum Cnidaria. They make up a small idio
| Box jellyfish | |
|---|---|
| File:Avispa marina cropped.png | |
| Chironex sp. | |
| File:Cubozoas.JPG | |
| Carukia barnesi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Subphylum: | |
| Class: | Cubozoa
|
| Orders | |
Cnidarians, with only 19 species.[1] It is their powerful venom which makes them noteworthy.
All cubozoans have four 'legs' (pedalia) hanging from the corners, from which hang tentacles. They have a rudimentary neural network. The box can move through the water to actively hunt prey, and have a degree of sight as they have up to 26 eyes. Cubozoans have two main eyes on each of the four pedalia, each with a lens, retina and cornea; and some species also have eye-spots as well.
The box jellies are found in tropical oceanic waters round the world. Their venom is delivered by stinging nematocysts, which cluster on tentacles, each with half a million stinging cells. The largest species, Chironex fleckeri, has caused many human deaths. The pain of an attack is agonising, and heart failure is a danger. The attack can be treated: first with vinegar, then remove stingers, then apply anti-venom.[2][3]
Danger to humans
Box jellyfish are known for being extremely dangerous to humans. A sting from these jellyfish is often fatal.[4]
Box Jellyfish Media
- Haeckel Cubomedusae.jpg
"Cubomedusae", from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
- Cubozoan visual system in Tripedalia cystophora.png
The complex rhopalial ocelli of Tripedalia cystophora
- Indo-Pacific biogeographic region map-en.png
The Indo-Pacific ocean region
- Chiropsalmus quadrumanus.png
Box jellyfish species Chiropsalmus quadrumanus contradicts the belief that Cubozoans are semelparous.
- JellyfishNetAustralia.JPG
Jellyfish/stinger net exclosure at Ellis Beach, Queensland, Australia
- Medicinal Vinegar.jpg
A vinegar post in Queensland, Australia
References
- ↑ Gershwin L. 2005a. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Australian Cubozoa. PhD, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Kayal; Bentalge; Collins, Ehsan, Bastian, Allen G. (6 June 2016). "Insights into the transcriptional and translational mechanisms of linear organellar chromosomes in the box jellyfish Alatina alata (Cnidaria: Medusozoa: Cubozoa)". RNA Biology, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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