Saddleback toad
The saddleback toads are the family Brachycephalidae in the order Anura. The family has just one genus, Brachycephalus. It has 28 species.[1]
| Saddleback toads | |
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| Spix’s saddleback toad, Brachycephalus ephippium | |
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| Family: | Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858
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| Genus: | Brachycephalus
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These tiny, often yellow frogs live in the cool cloud Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil. These mountainous areas have even more species (per square km) than the Amazon basin. Each small mountain has its own species.[1]
- "For animals like the Bracycephalus frogs that are particularly sensitive to their environment, even the temperature change from mountain to valley forms a barrier. That leaves the population on each mountain top to slowly develop into a separate species".[1]
The saddleback toads are very small frogs. They are mostly about 1 centimetre (0.39 in) in length. They include the smallest frog in the southern hemisphere, the Brazilian golden frog (Brachycephalus didactylus).[2] They have only three toes on each foot, and two fingers on each hand. This is different than the usual five toes and four fingers of most frogs.
The saddleback toads are active during the day. They live in the leaf litter on forest floors. The eggs hatch into miniature frogs. There is no tadpole stage.[2] The eggs are laid on the ground. They are covered in soil to protect from the heat and predators.
One of these frogs, Brachycepalus pulex, is reputed to be the smallest vertebrate in the world.[3]
Saddleback Toad Media
B. pulex is one of the smallest species in the genus; with its frog-like appearance and overall brown colour it is a typical flea frog
Unique among all animals, B. pitanga and at least one other pumpkin toadlet species are deaf to their own advertising calls
B. leopardus pair in amplexus
B. coloratus jumping, showing a lack of balance
Phylogenetic relationship of four pumpkin toadlet species showing that colours alone are not a good indicator of relatedness
B. hermogenesi, one of the species initially placed in the flea frog genus Psyllophryne
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Webb, Jonathan 2015. Seven tiny frog species found on seven mountains. BBC News Science & Environment. [1]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ↑ The Times 13.4.24 p79.