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Cannabis (drug)

For the plant, see Cannabis.

Cannabis, also known as marijuana, weed, and Cannabis sativa (as well as other names)[a] is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes.[18][19][20] The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of the 483 known compounds in the plant,[21] including at least 65 other cannabinoids, which are chemicals only found in Cannabis.[22] Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

Cannabis
Hampa Cannabis sativa L. (närbild).jpg
Close-up of flowering cannabis plant
Product nameCannabis
Pronunciation
Source plant(s)Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis
Part(s) of plantFlower and fruit
Geographic originCentral Asia and Indian subcontinent[2]
Active ingredientsTetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin
Main producersAfghanistan,[3] Canada,[4] China, Colombia,[5] India,[3] Jamaica,[3] Lebanon,[6] Mexico,[7] Morocco,[3] Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay,[7] Spain,[3] Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom,[8] United States[3]
Legal status
  • AU: S9 (Prohibited)
  • CA: Unscheduled
  • DE: Medical cannabis from state-controlled production: Anlage III, other cannabis: I
  • UK: Class B
  • US: Schedule I (legal recreationally in 11 states & DC; medically legal in 33 states)
  • UN: Narcotic Schedule I

Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug, although like other psychoactive drugs it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65).[23] It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world,[23][24] though it is legal in some jurisdictions, with the highest use among adults (as of 2018) in Zambia, the United States, Canada, and Nigeria.

Marijuana plants are grouped into 3 categories: Sativa, Indica, and Hybrid. A hybrid is a combination of Sativa and Indica. These 3 categories are then divided and categorized more into different strains. Strains are minor differences in how you feel when you use Cannabis. Some of the most famous and well-known strains of marijuana are: Acapulco Gold, Gelato, Grape Ape, White Widow, Purple Haze, Skunk and G13.

Cannabis (drug) Media

  • Example of a container and the recreational cannabis purchase in Canada

  • A joint prior to rolling, with a paper handmade filter on the left

  • Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science, epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in delphic analysis regarding 20 popular recreational drugs. Cannabis was ranked 11th in dependence, 17th in physical harm, and 10th in social harm.

  • Main types of cannabis

  • A close-up image of a dried, potent, Cannabis bud. Type Mountain Jam.This image was made by taking several images at different focal ranges and then combining the results to increase the depth of field. See w:Focus stacking for more information.

  • Legal hashish shop in Kathmandu, Nepal in 1973

  • Present-day map of the Jirzankal Cemetery, site of the earliest evidence of cannabis smoking

  • Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, c. 512 CE

  • Anti-cannabis propaganda from 1935

Notes

  1. ↑ Also referred to as marihuana, pot, weed, dope, and ganja /ˈɡɑːndʒə/,[9][10][11][12] among many other nicknames (grass, herb, skunk, Mary Jane, etc.).[13][14][15][16][17]

References

  1. ↑ "marijuana noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com". www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  2. ↑ ElSohly MA (2007). Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-59259-947-9.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 United Nations. "World Drug Report 2013" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "Medical Use of Marijuana". Health Canada. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  5. ↑ PR Newswire. "New Colombia Resources Inc Subsidiary, Sannabis, Produces First Batch of Medical Marijuana Based Products in Colombia to Fill Back Orders". Press release. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-colombia-resources-inc-subsidiary-sannabis-produces-first-batch-of-medical-marijuana-based-products-in-colombia-to-fill-back-orders-879870332.html. Retrieved 12 January 2015. 
  6. ↑ Moussaoui, Rana (Nov 25, 2013). Lebanon cannabis trade thrives in shadow of Syrian war. AFP. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/video.cfm?c_id=1503076&gal_cid=1503076&gallery_id=139379. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Garelli, Sanie Lopez (25 November 2008). Mexico, Paraguay top pot producers, U.N. report says. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/11/25/paraguay.mexico.marijuana/. Retrieved 28 September 2013. 
  8. ↑ Homegrown Industry. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/homegrown-industry. 
  9. ↑ "Pot – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ "Weed – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ↑ "Dope – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ "Ganja – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ↑ Ruiz P, Strain EC (2011). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-60547-277-5.
  14. ↑ "Grass – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ↑ "Herb – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ↑ "Skunk – Definition". American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Retrieved 17 July 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ↑ "Mary Jane – Definition". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ↑ Vij (2012). Textbook Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology: Principles And Practice. Elsevier India. p. 672. ISBN 978-81-312-1129-8.See also article on Marijuana as a word.
  19. ↑ Template:ShorterOxfordEnglishDictionary
  20. ↑ Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries (2007). Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries: English Words That Come From Spanish. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-547-35021-9.
  21. ↑ Russo EB (2013). Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-136-61493-4.
  22. ↑ Newton DE (2013). Marijuana: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 7. ISBN 9781610691499.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Status and Trend Analysis of Illict [sic] Drug Markets" (PDF). World Drug Report 2015. p. 23. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  24. ↑ "DrugFacts: Marijuana". National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020.


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