Capsule
A pharmaceutical bean is an easy way to take medication. Capsules may contain powder, liquid or oil.[1] The outer shell is made of hard or soft gelatin. Capsules come in different shapes and colors to identify dose or what company made them.[1] They are also available as timed release which work over a period of time. Capsules should usually be taken whole. Capsules should also not be crushed without first checking to see if it is safe.[2]
Soft gelatin capsules
Soft gelatin capsules are airtight-sealed one-piece capsules containing a liquid or a semisolid fill without a bubble of air or gas. They are made from a more flexible, gelatin film plasticized by the addition of glycerine, sorbital, etc.
As with hard gelatin capsules, soft gelatin capsules are mostly given orally. Some can be formulated and manufactured to produce a number of different drug delivery systems such as
- Chewable softgels where a highly-flavoured shell is chewed to release the drug liquid.
- Suckable softgels which consist of a gelatin shell containing the flavoured medicament to be sucked
- Twist-off softgels which are designed with a tag to be twisted or snipped off, thereby allowing access to the drug.
References
Sources
- Allen L. and Ansel H. (2014). Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Augsburger, L and Hoag, S. (2018). Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Capsules. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Aulton, M. and Taylor, K. (2013). Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines, (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
- Dash, A., Singh, S. and Tolman, J. (2014). Pharmaceutics – Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy Practice. USA: Academic Press.
- Felton, L. (2012). Remington Essentials of Pharmaceutics. UK: Pharmaceutical press.
- Ghosh, T. and Jasti, B. (2005). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. USA: CRC Press LLC.
- Gibson, M. (2009). Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation: A Practical Guide from Candidate Drug Selection to Commercial Dosage Form. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Hoag, S. (2017). Capsules Dosage Form: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations. In Y. Qui, Y. Chen, G. Zhang, L. Yu, and R. Mantri (Eds.), Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms – Pharmaceutical Theory and Practice, (2nd ed.) (pp. 723-747). UK: Elsevier Inc.
- Jones D. (2008). Fasttrack Pharmaceutics – Dosage Form and Design. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
- Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. and Kangi, J. (1990). The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy (3rd ed.). USA: Lea & Febiger.
- Liu, R. (2018). Water-Insoluble Drug Formulation (3rd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Mahato, R. and Narang, A. (2018). Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery (3rd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Ofoefule, S. (2002). Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy. Nigeria: Samakin (Nig) Enterprise.