Catapult
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A catapult is a type of machine used as a weapon to throw rocks, large arrows, or other things such as hot tar, that would cause damage to something else.[1] Often, catapults were set on higher ground or on castle towers to let them shoot farther. They shot rocks to break castle walls, or pitch or hot tar to set the target on fire.[2]
Catapults use weights and levers to send the rocks or other things into the air.[3] They do not throw as far as modern weapons do, and are not useful in modern warfare. Catapults were common in the past, especially the Middle Ages.[4]
Nowadays catapults are used to study old weapons, and as experiments (for example in physics or engineering classes). Some old ones are kept in museums.
Aircraft carriers use much more powerful steam catapults to throw airplanes into the air.[5]
Catapult Media
Basic diagram of an Onager, a type of catapult
Ancient mechanical artillery: Catapults (standing), the chain drive of Polybolos (bottom center), Gastraphetes (on wall)
Roman "catapult-nest" in the Trajan's Dacian Wars
Petraria Arcatinus catapult in Mercato San Severino, Italy
Catapult 1 Mercato San Severino
Mongol warriors using trebuchet to besiege a city
French troops using a catapult to throw hand grenades and other explosives during World War I
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References
- ↑ Hacker, Barton C. (January 1968). "Greek Catapults and Catapult Technology: Science, Technology, and War in the Ancient World". Technology and Culture. 9 (1): 34–50. doi:10.2307/3102042. JSTOR 3102042. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ↑ "Catapults". www.lordsandladies.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ↑ Saimre, Tanel (2006). "Trebuchet: A Gravity Operated Siege Engine" (PDF). Estonian Journal of Archaeology. 10 (1): 61–80. doi:10.3176/arch.2006.1.03. S2CID 160430733. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ↑ Janin, Hunt; Carlson, Ursula (2014). Mercenaries in Medieval and Renaissance Europe. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4766-1207-2.
- ↑ "Launch and Recovery: From Flywheels to Magnets". Naval Aviation News. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
Other websites
- How does a catapult work Archived 2016-02-10 at the Wayback Machine - A thorough explanation of different types of catapults with images.
- Animated Catapults Animations of a Roman mangonel and onager and a medieval trebuchet
