Choanoflagellate

Choanoflagellates; Temporal range: 900–0 Ma Had'n Archean Proterozoic Pha. No fossils known, molecular clock evidence for origin 1050-800Ma
	Codosiga sp.
Scientific classification
Unrecognized taxon (fix):	Choanoflagellatea
Orders & families
	Craspedida Codonosigidae (incl. Salpingoecidae); ; Acanthoecida Stephanoecidae; Acanthoecidae; ;
Synonyms
	Craspedmonadina Stein, 1878; Choanoflagellata Kent, 1880; Craspedomonadaceae Senn, 1900; Craspedophyceae Chadefaud, 1960; Craspédomonadophycidées Bourrelly, 1968; Craspedomonadophyceae Hibberd, 1976; Choanomonadea Krylov et al., 1980; Choanoflagellida Levine et al., 1980, Lee et al., 1985; Choanoflagellea Cavalier-Smith, 1997; Choanomonada Adl et al. 2005;

The choanoflagellates are a class or phylum of collared microscopic flagellate eukaryotes. Some species are single cells, some are multicellular. They do not have chloroplasts, and are heterotrophic. Some consider they form the simplest phylum of animals; others consider them to be protists.^[6]^[7]

Sphaeroeca, a colony of choanoflagellates (about 230 individuals)

The Choanoflagellates have many similarities to metazoa, and are the sister group to Metazoa

Choanoflagellate Media

↑ Wegener-Parfrey, Laura; Lahr, D. J.; Knoll, A. H.; Katz, L.A. (August 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". PNAS. 108 (33): 13624–13629. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989.
↑ Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi. In: Coombs, G. H.; Vickerman, K.; Sleigh, M. A.; Warren, A. (ed.) Evolutionary relationships among protozoa. Kluwer, London, pp. 375–407.
↑ Leadbeater, Larry S. (2015). The choanoflagellates : evolution, biology, and ecology. University of Birmingham. ISBN 978-0-521-88444-0.
↑ Saville-Kent, W. (1880). A manual of Infusoria. London, vol. 1, p. 324, [1].
↑ Nitsche, F.; Carr, M.; Arndt, H.; Leadbeater, B. S. (2011). "Higher level taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics of the Choanoflagellatea". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 58 (5): 452–462. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2011.00572.x. PMID 21895836. S2CID 2076733.
↑ Leadbeater B.S.C. & Thomsen H. 2000. Order Choanoflagellida. In Lawrence (ed) An illustrated guide to the Protozoa 2nd ed, Society of Protozoologists.
↑ Carr M. et al. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of choanoflagellates, the sister group to Metazoa. PNAS 105: 16641–16646.

Choanoflagellates Temporal range: 900–0 Ma Had'n Archean Proterozoic Pha. No fossils known, molecular clock evidence for origin 1050-800Ma^[1]

Codosiga sp.
Scientific classification
Unrecognized taxon (fix):	Choanoflagellatea
Orders & families
Craspedida Codonosigidae (incl. Salpingoecidae) Acanthoecida Stephanoecidae Acanthoecidae
Synonyms
Craspedmonadina Stein, 1878 Choanoflagellata Kent, 1880^[4] Craspedomonadaceae Senn, 1900 Craspedophyceae Chadefaud, 1960 Craspédomonadophycidées Bourrelly, 1968 Craspedomonadophyceae Hibberd, 1976 Choanomonadea Krylov et al., 1980 Choanoflagellida Levine et al., 1980, Lee et al., 1985 Choanoflagellea Cavalier-Smith, 1997 Choanomonada Adl et al. 2005^[5]