Circuit (political division)

A circuit (道 ; Chinese: dào; Japanese: dō) was a historical political division of Tang China and Japan and Korea. In Korean, the same word (Hangul: 도; Hanja: 道; RR: <span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override' not found. transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">do) is translated as "province".

China

Emperor Taizong divided China into parts which were called "circuits".^[1]

The organization of government and geography in Tang China were merged into provinces (dao 道) which were ten natural regions.^[2] In part, Tang history is about the changing balance between the provinces and a strong central government.^[3]

Japan

Main page: Gokishichidō

During the pre-modern era, Japan was divided into a central region and seven provincial regions or "circuits",^[4] including

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Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)., 6 provinces
Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)., 8 provinces
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Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)., 15 provinces
Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)., 13 provinces

In the mid-19th century, the northern island of Ezo was settled, and renamed Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 293: attempt to index local 'data_module' (a boolean value)..

Hokkaido did not develop as a "circuit" in the traditional way. It became a prefecture. It had a name that was different from the other prefectures because of the suffix -dō.

Korea

After the late-10th century, the province (do) was the main subdivision of Korea.

Related pages

References

↑ Chen, Jack W. (2000). The Poetics of Sovereignty: On Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, p. 37 citing Robert des Rotours, "Les grands fonctionnaires des provinces en Chine sous la dynastie des T'ang," T'oung Pao Second Series, Vol. 25, No. 3/4 (1927), pp. 223-225.
↑ Qian, Nu and George Oakley Totten. (1982). Traditional Government in Imperial China: A Critical Analysis, pp. 100-101; Richard, Louis. (1908). Comprehensive geography of the Chinese Empire and dependencies, p. 471.
↑ Perry, John Curtis and Bardwell L. Smith. (1976). Essays on Tʻang Society: The Interplay of Social, Political and Economic Forces, p. 118.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). Goki-shichidō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 255.

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[1] Chen, Jack W. (2000). The Poetics of Sovereignty: On Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, p. 37 citing Robert des Rotours, "Les grands fonctionnaires des provinces en Chine sous la dynastie des T'ang," T'oung Pao Second Series, Vol. 25, No. 3/4 (1927), pp. 223-225.

[2] Qian, Nu and George Oakley Totten. (1982). Traditional Government in Imperial China: A Critical Analysis, pp. 100-101; Richard, Louis. (1908). Comprehensive geography of the Chinese Empire and dependencies, p. 471.

[3] Perry, John Curtis and Bardwell L. Smith. (1976). Essays on Tʻang Society: The Interplay of Social, Political and Economic Forces, p. 118.

[nussbaum255-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). Goki-shichidō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 255.

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