Dole effect

The Dole effect is a way of explaining the inequality between the heavy isotope ¹⁸O and the lighter isotope ¹⁶O. There are different isotopes of oxygen on earth. The atmosphere contains mostly ¹⁸O, the oxygen in seawater is mostly ¹⁶O. This is caused by the respiration of plants and animals. It is balanced by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis emits the same oxygen isotope as that of water. Malcolm Dole first described this effect in 1935.^[1]^[2] It is named Dole effect today.

References

↑ Malcolm Dole (1936). "The Relative Atomic Weight of Oxygen in Water and in Air". Journal of Chemical Physics. 4 (4): 268–275. Bibcode:1936JChPh...4..268D. doi:10.1063/1.1749834.
↑ Morita, N. (1935). "The increased density of air oxygen relative to water oxygen". J. Chem. Soc. Japan. 56: 1291.

[1] Malcolm Dole (1936). "The Relative Atomic Weight of Oxygen in Water and in Air". Journal of Chemical Physics. 4 (4): 268–275. Bibcode:1936JChPh...4..268D. doi:10.1063/1.1749834.

[2] Morita, N. (1935). "The increased density of air oxygen relative to water oxygen". J. Chem. Soc. Japan. 56: 1291.

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