Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist. He spent most of his adult life in Russia and Germany.
Leonhard Euler | |
|---|---|
| Born | 15 April 1707 Basel, Switzerland |
| Died | 18 September 1783 (aged 76) [OS: 7 September 1783] |
| Alma mater | University of Basel |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics and physics |
| Institutions | Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences |
| Thesis | Dissertatio physica de sono ("Physical dissertation on sound") (1726) |
| Notable students | Joseph-Louis Lagrange (epistolary correspondent) |
Euler made important discoveries in calculus and topology. He also created many of the words used in math today. He introduced the notation we use to write mathematical functions.[1] He is also known for his works in mechanics, optics, fluid mechanics, astronomy and music theory.
Euler is considered to be the most important mathematician of the 18th century, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time and one of the most prolific writing mathematicians. His collected works fill around 80 volumes.[2] The famous mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace advised, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is a master for us all.”[3]
Euler was featured on the sixth series of the Swiss 10-franc bill[4] and on numerous Swiss, German, and Russian postage stamps. The asteroid 2002 Euler was named in his honor. He is also celebrated by the Lutheran Church on their Calendar of Saints on May 24.
Early years
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Euler was born in Basel to Paul Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church. His mother was Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters, Anna-Maria and Maria Magdalena. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Euler started school back in Basel, where he lived with his grandmother. At the age of thirteen he went to the University of Basel. In 1723, he received his Master of Philosophy. At this time, he was receiving Saturday afternoon lessons from Johann Bernoulli, who quickly discovered his new pupil's extraordinary talent for mathematics.[5]
Leonhard Euler Media
1957 Soviet Union stamp commemorating the 250th birthday of Euler. The text says: 250 years from the birth of the great mathematician, academician Leonhard Euler.
Euler's grave at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery
A geometric interpretation of Euler's formula
Map of Königsberg in Euler's time showing the actual layout of the seven bridges, highlighting the river Pregel and the bridges
Espionage against country of citizenship and Sedition are both forms of Treason.
Euler portrait on the seventh series of the 10 Franc banknote
Illustration from Solutio problematis... a. 1743 propositi published in Acta Eruditorum, 1744
The title page of Euler's Methodus inveniendi lineas curvas
Engraved world map (including magnetic declination lines) by Leonhard Euler from his school atlas “Geographischer Atlas bestehend in 44 Land-Charten” first published 1753 in Berlin
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Related pages
- Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory
- Euler–Mascheroni constant
- Euler characteristic
- Euler diagram
- Euler's homogeneous function theorem
- Euler's identity
- Euler's number
- Euler's polyhedron formula
- Euler's totient function
- Euler's totient theorem
- Eulerian path
- Eric W. Weisstein, Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783) at ScienceWorld.
- Leonhard Euler at Encyclopædia Britannica
- Leonhard Euler at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
References
- ↑ Dunham, William (1999). Euler: The Master of Us All. The Mathematical Association of America. p. 17.
- ↑ Finkel, B.F. (1897). "Biography- Leonard Euler". The American Mathematical Monthly. 4 (12): 300.
- ↑ Dunham, William (1999). Euler: The Master of Us All. The Mathematical Association of America. pp. xiii.
Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous.
- ↑ "Swiss National Bank Website". Archived from the original on 2002-04-22. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
- ↑ James, Ioan (2002). Remarkable Mathematicians: From Euler to von Neumann. Cambridge. p. 2. ISBN 0-521-52094-0.