Fake news
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Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. Fake news is also known as prototype news, junk news, pseudo-news, alternative facts or hoax news.[1][2]
It is a form of news made up of misinformation, hoaxes or outright lies spread through large news media (print and broadcast) or online social media.[3]
In many cases, fake news is spread on purpose.[4] The term was used and made popular by American President Donald Trump.[5]
Although false news has always been spread throughout history, the term "fake news" was first used in the 1890s when sensational reports in newspapers were common in the U.S.A.[6][7]
One reason fake news is more common today is that various websites pay for contributions according to the number of views. It stands to reason that a sensational claim will get more views than a correct but boring statement. Thus contributors are paid more for invented controversy than true non-sensational facts. This amounts to a premium payment for lies over truth.
Fake News Media
- The roots of 'fake news'.png
The roots of "fake news" from UNESCO's World Trends Report
- 20241116 "Fake news" (topic) on Google Trends.svg
Google Trends topic searches began a substantial increase in late 2016, about the time of the U.S. presidential election.
- Made for Advertising (MFA) website.jpg
Digital advertising technologies monetize fake news websites.
- How to Spot Fake News.pdf
Infographic How to spot fake news published by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
- PulitzerHearstWarYellowKids.jpg
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst caricatured as they urged the U.S. into the Spanish–American War
- Peace rumor, New York. Crowd at Times Square holding up Extras telling about the signing of the Armistice. The... - NARA - 533477.tif
Residents of New York City celebrate the news of the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
References
- ↑ Bartolotta, Devin (9 December 2016), "Hillary Clinton warns about hoax news on social media", WJZ-TV, retrieved 11 December 2016
- ↑ Wemple, Erik (8 December 2016), "Facebook's Sheryl Sandberg says people don't want 'hoax' news. Really?", The Washington Post, retrieved 11 December 2016
- ↑ Tufekci, Zeynep (January 16, 2018). "It's the (Democracy-Poisoning) Golden Age of Free Speech". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/free-speech-issue-tech-turmoil-new-censorship?CNDID=50121752.
- ↑ Leonhardt, David; Thompson, Stuart A. (June 23, 2017). "Trump's Lies". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/23/opinion/trumps-lies.html. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ↑ Murphy, Jennifer. "Library Guides: Evaluating Information: Fake news in the 2016 US Elections". libraryguides.vu.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
- ↑ "The real story of 'fake news': The term seems to have emerged around the end of the 19th century". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
- ↑ Soll, Jacob (December 18, 2016). "The long and brutal history of fake news". Politico Magazine. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
