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Gyeongju

Gyeongju (경주) is a coastal city in the southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang province in South Korea.[1][2] It is the second largest city in the province. It is 1,324 km2 (511 sq mi) large, with 269,343 people living in the city, according to the 2008 census.[1][3] From southeast, Gyeongju is 370 km (230 mi) away from Seoul,[4] and from the east, 55 km (34 mi) away from the provincial capital, Daegu.[5] Cheongdo and Yeongcheon are on the west side of the city. Ulsan is to the south side, and Pohang is to the north. On the east there is the coast of the Sea of Japan (East Sea).[1] Many low mountains are around the city.[6] They are part of the Taebaek range.

경주
Municipal City
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul경주시
 • Hanja慶州市
 • Revised RomanizationGyeongju-si
 • McCune-ReischauerKyŏngju-si
Korea-Gyeongju-City Hall.jpg
A region on an east coast is divided into 23 districts, with the southern coastal district highlighted.
Coordinates: Coordinates: 35°51′N 129°13′E / 35.850°N 129.217°E / 35.850; 129.217
CountrySouth Korea
RegionNorth Gyeongsang province
Administrative divisions4 eup, 8 myeon, 11 dong, 305 ri
Area
 • Total1,324.39 km2 (511.35 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total269,343
 • Density212/km2 (550/sq mi)
 • Dialect
Gyeongsang
Websitegyeongju.go.kr

Gyeongju was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla (57 BC – 935 AD). Silla ruled most of the Korean Peninsula between the 7th and 9th centuries, and many archaeological sites from that time are still in the city. This is why Gyeongju is often called "the museum without walls".[7][8] For example, Gyeongju Historic Areas and Yangdong Folk Village were made World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.[9][10] The many important historical sites have helped Gyeongju become one of the most popular places in Korea for tourists.[5][11]

In 1995, the city of Gyeongju and Gyeongju County were put together.[12] There are 53 other small and medium-sized cities with about 300,000 or less people in South Korea.[13] Today, Gyeongju is not only influenced by its history–it is influenced by the economic, demographic and social changes in South Korean culture. Its economy is mostly based on tourism. Manufacturing has also developed because Gyeogju is near large industrial cities such as Ulsan and Pohang. It is also connected to railways and highways that are often used by tourists.[14][15][16]

Gyeongju Media

  • A portrait of the last king of Silla, King Gyeongsun (r. 927–935). After his surrender to King Taejo, Gyeongju lost its status as capital city.

  • Seokguram grotto on the slopes of Tohamsan.

  • Principal mountains and drainage patterns of Gyeongju. Mountains of 500 to 700 m (1,600 to 2,300 ft) are in green, those taller than 700 m (2,300 ft) in violet. The rest three in gray are under 500 m (1,600 ft).

  • A gold crown excavated from Gold Crown Tomb. National Treasures of South Korea No. 87.

  • Yi Je-hyeon (1287–1367)

  • Gyeongju bread, a local speciality.

  • Ssambap, a rice dish served with vegetable leaves, various small side dishes and condiments.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "경주시" [Gyeongju-si] (in Korean). Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ↑ S. Korean, US presidents to meet before APEC summit. Xinhua News. 2005-10-18. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-10/18/content_3640593.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-15. 
  3. ↑ "Administrative divisions" (in Korean). The Government of North Gyeongsang province. 2007. Archived from the original on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2009-09-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ↑ Smyth, Terry (2008-11-13). "Saving face for Australia". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Kyŏngju". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  6. ↑ "경주시의 자연환경" [Natural environment of Gyeongju] (in Korean). Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ↑ Robinson et al. 2007. p.187
  8. ↑ Spring into Korea's Cultural Festivals. Travel Blackboard. 2005-03-04. http://www.etravelblackboard.com/showarticle.asp?id=35779&nav=13&suc=&cid=&email=&news=. Retrieved 2009-09-15. 
  9. ↑ "Korea, Republic of". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  10. ↑ "Gyeongju Yangdong Folk Village (UNESCO World Heritage)". Korea Tourism Organization. Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  11. ↑ "Insa-dong Rivals Jeju as Most Popular Tourist Spot". The Chosun Ilbo. 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  12. ↑ Lee, Man Hyung; Lee, Jae Won (1997). "Urban-Rural Integration Conflicts After 1994's Reform in Korea" (PDF). Dosi Yeongu, Korea Center for City and Environment Research. 3: 103–121. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  13. ↑ Yun, Daesic; Hwang, Junghoon; Moon, Changkeun (June 2008). "A Study on Analysis of Mode Choice Characteristics and Travel Pattern in Urban-Rural Integrated City" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Research Institute For Human Settlements. p. 118. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2009-09-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ↑ "경주시의 산업·교통" [Industry and Transportation of Gyeongju] (in Korean). Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ↑ "경주시 산업과 교통" [Industry and transport of Gyeongju] (in Korean). Nate / Britannica. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ↑ Tamásy & Taylor, (2008) p.129

References

  • Breen, Michael (1999) The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies Macmillan, ISBN 0312242115
  • Cherry, Judith (2001), Korean multinationals in Europe, Routledge Advances in Korean Studies, Routledge, ISBN 0700714804
  • Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun: A modern history. New York: Norton. ISBN 0393316815
  • Kang, Bong W. (2002). A study of success and failure in the water management of the Buk Chun in Kyongju, Korea. Paper delivered at the Eighteenth Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. (Electronic Version).
  • Kang, Jae-eun; Lee, Suzanne. (2006) The land of scholars: two thousand years of Korean Confucianism Homa & Sekey Books, ISBN 1931907374
  • Kim, Chang-hyun (August, 2008), The Position and the Administration System of Donggyeong in Koryeo Dynasty, (in Korean) Dongguk University, Silla Culture, issue 32, pp. 1–43
  • Kim, Chong-un; Fulton, Bruce, (1998) A ready-made life: early masters of modern Korean fiction, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 107–120, ISBN 0824820711
  • Kim, Deok-muk, (2003) 전국의 기도터와 굿당 (Jeon-gukui gidoteo wa gutdang. Tr. "Sites of Buddhist prayer and shamanic practice nationwide"), (in Korean), 한국민속기록보존소 ISBN 89-953630-3-7
  • Kim, Won-yong. (1982). Kyŏngju: The homeland of Korean culture. Korea Journal 22(9), pp. 25–32.
  • Kookmin University, Department of Korean History (2004) "경주문화권 (Gyeongju Munhwagwon. The Gyeongju cultural area)", Seoul:역사공간 ISBN 89-90848-02-4
  • Korean Overseas Information Service, (2003), Handbook of Korea (11th ed.), Seoul, Hollym, ISBN 1-56591-212-8
  • Lee, Ki-baek; Tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, (1984), A new history of Korea (rev. ed.), Seoul, Ilchogak, ISBN 89-337-0204-0
  • Nilsen, Robert, South Korea, Moon Handbooks, ISBN 1-56691-418-3
  • Oppenheim, Robert. (2008) Kyǒngju things: assembling place, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0472050303
  • Ring, Trudy; Robert M. Salkin, Paul E Schellinger, Sharon La Boda (1996) International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1884964044
  • Robinson, Martin; Ray Bartlett, Rob Whyte (2007), Korea Lonely Planet, pp. 197–209, ISBN 1741045584
  • Rutt, Richard; Hoare, James. (1999) Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary, Durham East-Asia series. Routledge. ISBN 0700704647
  • Sundaram, Jomo Kwame. (2003) Manufacturing competitiveness in Asia: how internationally competitive national firms and industries developed in East Asia, Routledge, ISBN 0415299225
  • Tamásy, Christine; Taylor, Mike. (2008) Globalising Worlds and New Economic Configurations, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 0754673774
  • Yi, Sŭng-hwan; Song, Jaeyoon (translation) (2005) A topography of Confucian discourse: politico-philosophical reflections on Confucian discourse since modernity, Homa & Sekey Books, ISBN 1931907277
  • Yu, Hong-jun; (translation) Mueller, Charles M., (1999) Smiles of the baby Buddha: appreciating the cultural heritage of Kyǒngju, Changbi (창비), ISBN 8936470566

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