Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is a non-profit organization funded by at least 75 insurance companies.[1] IIHS was started in 1959 with their headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Their goal is to reduce deaths, injuries and property loss from automobile crashes on US highways.[2] It researches and rates popular passenger vehicles. IIHS also rates consumer products such as child safety seat. They also research road design and traffic regulations.
It carries out research and produces ratings for popular passenger vehicles as well as for certain consumer products such as child safety seats. It also conducts research on road design and traffic regulations, and has been involved in promoting policy decisions. According to their own bylaws IIHS does not lobby the United States Congress and other lawmaking bodies to change laws. They educate lawmakers and by invitation.[3]
History
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety was established by insurance companies in 1959 to advise other organizations about highway safety.[2] In 1966 the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was enacted by Congress. It set up what is now called the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.[4] In 1968 when Richard Nixon became president, William Haddon, Jr., was replaced as head of the agency.[4] He was hired by the IIHS to reorganize and set up a crash testing program.[4] In the 1970s the IIHS was involved in the then controversial airbag standard.
Automobile crash ratings
Two organizations in the US perform destructive testing to establish crash test ratings. The other is the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), a government agency.[5] Both test new cars and issue ratings, but the tests are different. They also use different rating systems.[5]
The NHTSA uses three tests.[5] The first is a 35 mph frontal crash test. It determines what injuries a driver or passenger might experience in that type of accident. The second is a side-impact test (made up of two tests using different weights). The third test is not an actual test. It is a rating based on a mathematical formula based on the car's width and center of gravity.[5] NHTSA uses a five star rating system. A single star is poor while five stars is the best rating.
The IIHS uses five tests.[5] They do two frontal tests. A small-overlap is set up with 25% of the front of the car hitting a barrier at 40 mph. A moderate overlap test allows more of the front of the car to hit the barrier. In a side-impact test a movable barrier hits the car side at 31 mph. A roof test involves a flat piece of metal pushed down against the roof to see at what point it collapsed.[5] It is not an actual roll-over test. The last test is on the seats and head restraints. The IIHS classifies its rankings as Poor, Marginal, Acceptable or Good.[5]
IIHS also gives out two awards each year. They are "Top Safety Pick" and "Top Safety Pick+".[6] Vehicles that have good results all five tests and have Collision avoidance systems win the top award.[6] The Top Safety Pick award goes to vehicles that pass the five tests alone.[6]
Unrated vehicles
Not every model of car is tested. Both agencies test the most widely sold vehicles.[7] Convertibles and other limited production cars are often not tested.[7] In 2007 the IIHS did test 10 models. Test results often appear months after a car goes on sale. Both agencies buy their vehicles from car dealerships. The IIHS has only begun to mention upcoming (to be tested) models while the NHTSA has noted this for some time.
Insurance Institute For Highway Safety Media
The 2007 Ford Edge passed this test with the institute's highest rating, "Good". The tested Edge is displayed at the institute's headquarters as an example of a standout performer in a frontal offset crash.
The 1997 Pontiac Trans Sport had significantly worse performance in frontal offset crash test according to then-institute head Brian O'Neill compared to other contemporary minivans. One of the tested Trans Sports is displayed at the institute's headquarters.
The 2017 Toyota Tacoma is one of many vehicles that passed the institute's challenging small overlap test.
Roof-strength test of a 2016 Dodge Challenger.
References
- ↑ Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment, ed. Committee on Injury Prevention and Control, Institute of Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999), p. 120
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "About the Institutes". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ 'IIHS Target: Motorcycles', The American Motorcyclist, Vol. 42, No. 2 (February 1988), pp. 20–21
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 The Bottom Line or Public Health, ed. William H. Wiist (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 233–235
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Crash Test Ratings: What's the Difference Between IIHS and NHTSA?". Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Tanya Mohn (31 December 2014). "Safest Cars For 2015 Announced By Insurance Institute For Highway Safety". Forbes. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Joe Wiesenfelder. "Crash Tests: What You Need to Know". Cars.com. Retrieved 21 May 2015.