Johann Philipp Kirnberger
Johann Philipp Kirnberger (24 April 1721 – 27 July 1783) was a composer and music theorist.
Life
Kirnberger was born on 24 April 1721 in Saalfeld. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord at his home. He learned to play the organ with J. P. Kellner. In 1739, he went to Leipzig. He studied music with Johann Sebastian Bach for two years. In 1741 he went to Poland, where he worked as a musician. He returned to Germany in 1751. That year, he became a violinist (somebody who plays the violin) in the Prussian court chapel. In 1758, he became the music director for Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia.[1]
He worked as a composer and music teacher for Princess Anna. During this time, he started writing about music theory. Kirnberger died on 27 July 1783 in Berlin after a period of sickness.[2]
Writings
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Kirnberger was a famous music theorist. He wrote about counterpoint, music theory, tuning, and figured bass. However, he was not a good writer. He had to ask other people to help him write and edit his ideas. His writing is often confusing to read.[1]
He often praised J. S. Bach's in his writing. He thought that Bach's way of writing music is the best way. He tried to explain Bach's way of writing music in his book, Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik (English: "Art of Pure Writing").[3]
He created three musical temperaments. A musical temperament is how each note in an instrument is tuned. His first temperament is based on Pythagoras' temperament. His third temperament is often used to play baroque music.
He created a way to write music using a pair of dice. This was published in Der allezeit fertige Polonoisen- und Menuettencomponist (English: "The polonaise and minuet composer who is always ready").[4] A pair of dice is thrown. Then, the numbers on the dice is used to search a bar of melody from a table. This bar is added to the music. There are [math]\displaystyle{ 11^{32} }[/math] minuets from Kirnberger's original table.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Kirnberger [Kernberg], Johann Philipp". Grove Music Online (8th). (2001). Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15061.
- ↑ Gerber, Ernst Ludwig (1790). Historisch-biographisches lexicon der tonkünkstler, welches nachrichten von dem leben und werken musikalischer, schriftsteller, berühmter componisten, sänger meister aus instrumenten, dilettanten, Orgel und Instrumentenmacher. Leipzig: Breitkopf. p. 382. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ↑ David, Hans A.; Mendel, Arthur; Wolff, Christoph (1998). The New Bach Reader: A Life of Johann Sebastian Bach in Letters. NewYork: Norton. ISBN 0393319563.
- ↑ Newman, William (October 1961). "Kirnberger's Method for Tossing off Sonatas". The Musical Quarterly. XLVII (4): 517–525. doi:10.1093/mq/XLVII.4.517.
- ↑ Hedges, Stephen A. (April 1978). "Dice Music in the Eighteenth Century". Music & Letters. 59 (2): 180–187. doi:10.1093/ml/59.2.180. JSTOR 734136. Retrieved 6 April 2022.