Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover Area School District, et al.
Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover Area School District, et al. is the full name of a 2005 American trial. It is also called the Dover trial, because it happened in Dover, Pennsylvania. It said that intelligent design was not science, and could not be taught as science in schools.
About
Intelligent design is the idea that the universe is not simple enough to be made by nature. Instead, people who believe in intelligent design think that a smarter force must have made everything, or at least important parts of it.[1]
Trial
Evolution is the commonly accepted scientific theory that explains how all of the different kinds of life developed from a simple beginning. Intelligent design is another explanation saying that life was developed by a smarter being. A school district in Dover, Pennsylvania wanted to tell the students about intelligent design. They wanted teachers to tell their students about intelligent design at the same time they taught evolution. They were using a text book from the Foundation for Thought and Ethics called "Of Pandas and People" written by Percival Davis and Dean Kenyon.[2] This book says it presents the scientific evidence for intelligent design and why it makes more sense than evolution.[2] Tammy Kitzmiller and ten other parents[3] did not want their children being taught intelligent design. They complained to the government, and a trial was held.[4]
Before the trial
There was an earlier trial called Edwards v. Aguillard. It was about teaching creationism in schools. Creationism is the belief that God (or something else) created the universe, like it says in the Bible or other religious books.
The United States Constitution is the set of rules that all of the government in the United States must follow. It does not allow the government to support one religion more than any other religion.[5] Schools run by the government (public schools) cannot teach one type of religion as being true. In Edwards v. Aguillard, the United States Supreme Court said that creationism was not science. It said it was religious, because it tried to explain things using stories from the Bible. The Supreme Court said that creationism could not be taught in public schools.[6] But some people said intelligent design was not creationism.
During the trial
During the trial, experts showed that intelligent design was an old argument for religion and not science. They looked at the authors' notes for the book, "Of Pandas and People", that the school was using. These notes included things that had been changed when the book was being prepared for printing. It had been changed from being about creationism to being about intelligent design. The authors did this by changing the words "created" to "designed" and "creationists" to "intelligent design proponents". In one version, the word "creationists" was even changed to "cdesign proponentsists" by mistake.[7] The judge found this interesting. These changes were made just after Edwards v. Aguillard said you could not teach creationism in schools. The judge said this showed that intelligent design was creationism.[8]
In one part of the trial, they spoke to Michael Behe. Behe was one of the people that helped create intelligent design. He said nobody could say how evolution made the immune system, the thing in your body that protects you from diseases. He said that some smarter force had to have made it. Behe was shown 58 articles, nine books, and lots of other things scientists wrote to show how the immune system could have been made by evolution. He said none of them was "good enough". The judge did not think this was true.[9]
Result
After the trial, the judge said that intelligent design was creationism, not science. Creationism had already been shown to be religious. The government is not allowed to support one religion more than any other religion.[5] Therefore, schools can not teach intelligent design, as that would be saying one type of religion was true.[10]
References
- ↑ "Top Questions-1.What is the theory of intelligent design?". Discovery Institute. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Of Pandas and People: The Central Question of Biological Origins". fteonline.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ (NewsBank) The players in the Dover case. York, Pennsylvania: Media NewsGroup, Inc. 2005-09-28. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:YKDB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10CEBE05E90F1FA8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0EAD847D4966C8AF. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ Worden, Amy (2005-09-27) (NewsBank). First day for trial on 'intelligent design' - The case pits the Dover Area School District against eight families who say the teaching violates church and state.. p. B01. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:PHIB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10CED70B95420FF8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0EAD847D4966C8AF. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 See First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
- ↑ "EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD, 482 U.S. 578 (1987)". findlaw.com. United States District Court. 1987-06-19. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ National Center for Science Education (2008-05-19). Jesus in my School. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUB8Mv1SaKQ. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
- ↑ Mauriello, Tracie (2005-12-21) (NewsBank). Defeat For Intelligent Design In U.S. Court - Dover, Pa., School Board Requirement Unconstitutional, 'sham,' Judge Says. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. p. A-1. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:PPGB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10EA51E4F63D1DD8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0EAD847D4966C8AF. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ Argento, Mike (2005-12-25) (NewsBank). The unintelligent design case was lies, all lies. Pennsylvania. p. 08. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:YDRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10F714F522449540&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0EAD847D4966C8AF. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ Gostomski, Christina (2005-12-21) (NewsBank). Keep " design ' out of school, judge rules ** It's religion, he says, and doesn't belong in science classes. He has harsh words for Dover Area board members.. Allentown, Pennsylvania. p. A1. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:AMCB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10EA8761A5DBBDF0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0EAD847D4966C8AF. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
Other websites
- Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District et al. - The judge's ruling.
- The “Vise Strategy” Undone: Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District Archived 2007-07-14 at the Wayback Machine - Barbara Forrest was one of the experts at the trial. She wrote this article about it.
- National Center for Science Education Archived 2005-12-14 at the Wayback Machine - The N.C.S.E. helped out in the trial. They collected lots of documents about it.