Kurt Gödel
Kurt Gödel (28 April 1906 Brno, then Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic – 14 January 1978 Princeton, New Jersey) was a logician, mathematician, and philosopher.
Impact
Some people believe Gödel was one of the most significant logicians of all time. Gödel's work has had a big impact on scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century. Many people, such as Bertrand Russell, A. N. Whitehead, and David Hilbert, tried to use logic and set theory at that time. They wanted to understand the foundations of mathematics.
Fame
Gödel is best known for his two incompleteness theorems. The theorems were published in 1931. He was 25 years of age, and had just finished his doctorate at the University of Vienna one year earlier.
The more famous of the two theorems says that if there are consistent axiomatic systems that are powerful enough to describe themselves, there will be things that are true in those systems that can not be proved within the system itself.
Proof
To prove this theorem, Gödel developed a technique now known as Gödel numbering, which codes formal expressions as natural numbers.
He also showed that the continuum hypothesis cannot be disproved from the accepted axioms of set theory, if those axioms are consistent. He made important contributions to proof theory. He did this by clarifying the connections between classical logic, intuitionistic logic, and modal logic.
Later life
Later in his life, Gödel probably suffered from paranoia. He thought that some people would come and poison his food. So when his wife Adele was no longer able to prepare his food, he stopped eating. He died of starvation.
His theory in simple words
To put his theories in simple terms: What he discovered was that some theorems in mathematics may be true, but they cannot be proved to be true.
This sentence is false.
- If the sentence were false, the statement would be true, which it cannot be (because we thought it was false)
- If the sentence were true, then the statement would be false. But we said it was true.
Therefore, we found a contradiction. This sentence is false is a proposition that is called undecidable. We cannot say if it is true or false.
Some writings
- Kurt Gödel: My philosophical viewpoint, c. 1960, unpublished.
- Kurt Gödel: The modern development of the foundations of mathematics in the light of philosophy Archived 2011-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, 1961, unpublished.
Kurt Gödel Media
Plaque to Gödel at 43-45 Josefstädter Straße, Vienna, where he discovered his incompleteness theorems
Gödel as a student in 1925
Gravestone of Kurt and Adele Gödel in the Princeton, N.J., cemetery
