Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease, canicola fever, canefield fever, nanukayami fever or seven day fever) is a bacterial disease.

It is caused by spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. This bacterium affects humans and many animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. It was first described by Adolf Weil in 1886. At the time he reported an "acute infectious disease with enlargement of spleen, jaundice and nephritis". The pathogen, Leptospira-genus bacteria was isolated in 1907 from a post mortem kidney slice.

Leptospirosis is a relatively rare bacterial infection in humans. The infection is commonly transmitted to humans by allowing fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine (often from rats) to come in contact with the skin, eyes or with the mucous membranes.

It usually causes heart failure, kidney failure or liver failure, and most sufferers die if they are not treated urgently. The disease causes little concern, as it is quite rare

Except for tropical areas, Leptospirosis seems to occur most often in the months August to September, in the Northern Hemisphere.

Leptospirosis Media

• Schematic depiction of the symptoms and signs of leptospirosis

• Conjunctival suffusion of the eyes due to leptospirosis.jpg

  Conjunctival suffusion (red conjunctiva) together with jaundice is a specific feature of leptospirosis.

• Scanning electron micrograph of a number of Leptospira sp. bacteria atop a 0.1 μm polycarbonate filter

• Working at aaddy rice field without a footwear, is a risk factor for leptospirosis.png

  Working in a paddy field barefoot is a risk factor for leptospirosis.

• Pathogeneis of leptospirosis.svg

  Ways of Leptospira bacteria infecting human cells and blood stream

• Leptospirosis in kidney.jpg

  Kidney tissue, using a silver staining technique, revealing the presence of Leptospira bacteria

• Diffuse pulmonary haemorrhages of the lungs infected by leptospirosis.png

  Diffuse lungs bleeding due to leptospirosis infection

• A notice board by a lakeside in Sarawak, Malaysia, that warns against swimming in the lake as it has tested positive for pathogenic Leptospira

• Leptospirosis screening in Indonesia.png

  Blood samples being taken from a group of residents in Boyolali Regency, Indonesia, for leptospirosis screening tests

• Global burden of leptospirosis in DALY per 100,000 per year.png

  Global burden of leptospirosis calculated as disability-adjusted life year (DALY) lost per 100,000 people per year