Mantis
A Mantis (order Mantodea) is a type of insect. They are usually known as praying mantids because of their prayer-like stance.
| Mantodea Temporal range: Cretaceous - Recent
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| European mantis (Mantis religiosa) | |
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| Order: | Mantodea
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The group contains about 2,300 species. They occur in temperate and tropical habitats. Most are in are in the family Mantidae, and are called Mantids.
In Europe, the name "praying mantis" refers to only a single species, Mantis religiosa. They are sometimes confused with phasmids (stick insects).
The closest relatives of mantids are the order Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and these two groups together are ranked as the Superorder Dictyoptera.[1]
Life habit
Mantids are notable for their hunting abilities. They are predators, and their diet usually consists of living insects, including flies and aphids. Larger species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds,[2] snakes, and even rodents.
Most mantids are ambush predators, waiting for prey to stray too near. The mantis then lashes out at remarkable speed. Some ground and bark species, however, pursue their prey rather quickly.
Prey are caught and held securely with grasping, spiked forelegs ('raptorial' legs); the first thoracic segment, the prothorax, is commonly elongated and flexibly articulated, allowing for greater range of movement of the front limbs while the remainder of the body remains more or less still.
The movement of the head is also remarkably flexible. It gives nearly 300 degrees of movement in some species. This allows for a great range of vision (their compound eyes have a large binocular field of vision) without having to move the rest of the body. As their hunting relies heavily on vision, they are mainly diurnal, but many species fly at night, when there is less chance of being taken by birds.
Mantids are masters of camouflage and most species make use of protective colouration to blend in with the foliage or substrate. This helps to avoid predators themselves, and to better snare their victims.[3] They not only blend with the foliage, but mimic it, appearing as either living or withered leaves, sticks, tree bark, blades of grass, flowers, or even stones. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after a molt following a fire in the region to blend in with the fire ravaged landscape (fire melanism).
Mantids bite, but have no venom, and are not dangerous to humans. They are not chemically protected; nearly any large predatory animal will eat a mantis if it is able to detect it. Mantids are generally quite aggressive towards one another, in fact, and most species are readily cannibalistic when given the opportunity.
Mantis Media
“A brown praying mantis spotted on a ledge in Mandeville, Louisiana, showcasing its typical hunting posture.”
Life restoration of Santanmantis, a primitive fossil mantis known from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil, and one of the oldest members of the group
カマキリ (Mantis)
Tenodera sinensis feeding on a cricket
Tenodera sinensis consuming a smaller immature mantis.
A chinese mantis catches a differential grasshopper
Aggressive mimicry: Malaysian orchid mantises are camouflaged pink or yellow, matching the coloration of local orchids.
Praying mantises exhibiting motion camouflage
Praying mantis nymphs emerging from their ootheca.
References
- ↑ Carde, Ring T. and Resh, Vincent H. (eds) 2003. Encyclopedia of insects. Academic Press N.Y. ISBN 0-12-586990-8 / 0-12-586990-8
- ↑ Natalie Angier (September 22, 2017). "Birds Beware: The Praying Mantis Wants Your Brain". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/science/praying-mantis-eating-birds.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
- ↑ Hall, Derek 2005. Encyclopedia of insects & spiders. Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-793-2