Inquisition
The Inquisition was the legal agent of the Catholic Church against heresy in the Middle Ages. It did two main things. First, it issued a list (the Index) of published books banned because they contained heresy. The faithful were forbidden to read such books. Second, it prosecuted individuals thought guilty of heresy.
Later versions of the Inquisitions had the power to use torture or the threat of torture to get confessions and religious conversions. It had the power to order executions. The standard method was to burn heretics alive, or to strangle them in public. The actual deed was done by the civil authorities.
The full name of the Inquisition was the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Latin: Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide) of the Catholic Church. It developed in stages. The first permanent Inquisition was established in 1229. It was run by the Dominicans in Rome.[2] In 1478 Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile set up the Spanish Inquisition.
In 1542 Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition as a tribunal staffed with cardinals and other officials. This version supervised the local Inquisitions in other countries, and also investigated important cases from Italy. The most famous case it tried was that of Galileo Galilei in 1633.
The word Inquisition comes from Latin quaerere. That means to turn, to ask a question.
Inquisition Media
A 19th-century depiction of Galileo before the Holy Office, by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury
Tribunal at the Inquisitor's Palace in Birgu, Malta. Eymeric's manual recommends that the accused be seated on a backless low bench.[3]
The Albigensian massacre (chronicle of Saint-Denis, 14th century, London, British Library)
Waldensians flying on a broom, in a manuscript by Martin Le France (1451)
Emblem of the Spanish Inquisition (1571). The olive branch symbolizes grace and the sword symbolizes punishment. The inscription in Latin means: "Arise, Lord, and judge your cause"
A copper engraving from 1685: "Die Inquisition in Portugall"
Presumed instruments of torture of the inquisition, of which there is no evidence of their use in inquisitorial processes
Monument to the Waldensians burned by Petrus Zwicker, in Steyr, Austria
Related pages
References
- ↑ Saint Dominic Presides over an Auto da Fe, Prado Museum. Retrieved 2012-08-26
- ↑ Lea, Henry Charles 1888. Chapter VII. The Inquisition Founded. A History of the Inquisition In The Middle Ages, 1. ISBN 1-152-29621-3. The judicial use of torture was as yet happily unknown...
- ↑ Saraiva (2001), p. 69-70.