Supersessionism
Supersessionism, also called replacement theology or fulfillment theology, is the idea that one religion stops being true once another religion comes to replace[1] it.
For instance, supersessionist Christianity believes that Judaism was true once, but because the Jews rejected Jesus they stopped being the Chosen People, and the New Testament and a faith-based religion replaced Jewish Law. Islamic superssionism also believes that God gave the Torah alike to the Israelites at Mount Sinai but that the Quran ultimately replaced it.
Antisemitism
Christianity
Rabbinic Jews view supersessionism as antisemitic.[2] It laid the groundwork for the two millennia of Christian antisemitism and persecution of Jews that peaked in the Holocaust. Supersessionism is no longer backed by mainstream churches, reportedly including the Vatican,[3] which have switched the focus to Christian–Jewish reconciliation.[4] Some Christians endorse the dual-covenant theology (DCT) which holds that the Old Covenant between Jews and God is eternal, exempting Jews from the need of Christian conversion for receiving salvation.[5]
Christian Identity movement
A similar, or somewhat overlapping, Christian movement that upholds supersessionism is the Christian Identity (CI) movement, whose followers believe that White people to be the "real" descendants of ancient Israelites with whom God have a covenant.[6] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) estimated in 2023 that the CI movement had 10 active groups in the United States.[6][7]
Supersessionism Media
Paul the Apostle is often cited by those who believe that Israelite religious law is no longer needed in observance.
Paul the Apostle, by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn c. 1657
Justin Martyr considered Christians the true spiritual Israel.
Pope Pius XII held supersessionist views.
Pope John Paul II affirmed the "soft" supersessionism of the Second Vatican Council.
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Related pages
Other websites
- Christian Persecution of Jews over the Centuries
- 12 Anti-Semitic Radical Traditionalist Catholic Groups
- Antisemitism in History: From the Early Church to 1400
- The Evil of Replacement Theology: The Historical Abuse of the Jews by the Church
- The Building of a Wall of Separation between New Testament Theology and Its Jewish Roots/Context: A Consideration of Early Church History and a Call for Re-Examination for 21st Century Everyday Theological Reality
References
- ↑ Take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use). Oxford Languages.
- ↑ Levine, Amy-Jill. Supersessionism: Admit and Address Rather than Debate or Deny. Religions 13 (2) (2022). p. 155. doi:10.3390/rel13020155.
- ↑
- Pryor, J. Christopher. Traditional Catholicism and the Teachings of Bishop Richard Williamson. Journal for the Study of Anti-Semitism (2009). Retrieved December 28, 2024.
- Traditionalist Catholicism. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
- Weitzman, Mark. Antisemitism Before and Since the Holocaust (April 5, 2017). p. 83–113. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
- "Hutton Gibson, Extremist and Father of Mel Gibson, Dies at 101". The New York Times. June 4, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/hutton-gibson-extremist-and-father-of-mel-gibson-dies-at-101.html. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
- Faggioli, Massimo. The Crisis in the Reception of Vatican II in the Catholic Church and the Return of Antisemitism. Antisemitism Studies 6 (2) (October 26, 2022)Indiana University Press. p. 354–372. doi:10.2979/antistud.6.2.08. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
- ↑ Timothy P. Jackson. Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionism (2021). Retrieved October 23, 2024.
- ↑ "Falwell: Jews can get to heaven". The Jerusalem Post. March 1, 2006. https://m.jpost.com/jewish-world/jewish-news/falwell-jews-can-get-to-heaven. Retrieved October 23, 2024.[dead link]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1
- Barkun, Michael. Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (1997)University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- Christian Identity | White Supremacy, British Israelism, Neo-Nazism. Britannica. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- Christian Identity. Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- Marks, Eliza. Why We Should Care about Christian Identity Ideology and its Links to Antisemitic Mobilisation. Global Network on Terrorism & Technology (September 11, 2023). Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- Lewis, Jon. Christian Identity Reborn: The Evolution and Revitalization of an Antisemitic Theology. The George Washington University (August 1, 2024). Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ↑ The 10 active groups of the CI movement in 2023 are as follows (place names in brackets are their headquarters' locations):
- Assembly of Christian Israelites (Milford, Ohio)
- Christogenea (Panama City Beach, Florida)
- Church of Israel (Schell City, Missouri)
- Covenant People’s Ministry (Brooks, Georgia)
- Euro Folk Radio (Chicago, Illinois)
- Fellowship of God’s Covenant People (Union, Kentucky)
- Kingdom Identity Ministries (Harrison, Arkansas)
- Mission to Israel Ministries (Scottsbluff, Nebraska)
- Sacred Truth Publishing and Ministries (Mountain City, Tennessee)
- Scriptures for America Worldwide Ministries (Laporte, Colorado)