Lyrebird
A lyrebird is a ground-dwelling Australian bird.[1] There are two species in the genus Menura. They live in forests, especially rainforests, of eastern Australia, and they were introduced to Tasmania in the 19th century. They are found in two National Forest areas of Victoria,[2] New South Wales and southeast Queensland.
| Lyrebirds | |
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| Superb Lyrebird | |
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| Family: | Menuridae
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| Genus: | Menura
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Mating system
They are most notable for their superb ability to mimic natural and artificial sounds from their environment. Since they live on the ground in fairly dense undergrowth, sound is used by the males to attract attention. When a female arrives, the visual display comes into action. It is a typical "female choice" mating system, where males defend a mating territory, and sing and display to get a mate.[3]
Sound mimicry
The lyrebird's mimicked calls are learned from the local environment, including other birds. It takes young birds about a year to perfect their mimicked repertoire. The female lyrebirds of both species are also mimics, and will sing on occasion but the females do so with less skill than the males.[3] A lyrebird classic is their imitation of human sounds in the forest such as car alarms, camera shutters and forest logging with chain-saws.[4][5]
Breeding
The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long, and lyrebirds are long-lived birds. They can live up to thirty years. They also start breeding later in life than other passerine birds. Female Superb Lyrebirds start breeding at the age of five or six, and males at the age of six to eight. Males defend territories from other males.These territories may contain the breeding places of up to eight females. In a male's territory, he makes or uses display platforms.[3]
The females each build an untidy nest, usually low to the ground in a moist gully, where each lays a single egg. She is the sole parent who incubates the egg over 50 days until it hatches, and she is also the sole carer of the lyrebird chick.
Lyrebird Media
Menura superba – superb lyrebird (1800) by Thomas Davies
Superb Lyrebird in Victoria, Australia
O'Reilly's Lodge - Australia
Female Albert's Lyrebird, Mount Warning, New South Wales, flash
Albert's lyrebird (Menura alberti) Lamington NP, SE Queensland, Australia
Superb lyrebird mimicking Australian native birds
John Gould's early 1800s painting of a superb lyrebird specimen at the British Museum
Superb lyrebird on a 1932 Australian postage stamp.
References
- ↑ They are called lyrebirds because, when up, their tail feathers form the shape of a lyre, a Greek musical instrument.
- ↑ Dandenong Ranges N.P. and Kingslake N.P.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lill, Alan 2004. Family Menuridae (Lyrebirds). In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds) Handbook of the birds of the world. Volume 9, Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 484–495, ISBN 84-87334-69-5
- ↑ "Attenborough, David The life of birds". Archived from the original on 2013-11-22. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
- ↑ National Film and Sound Archive: Sounds of Australia