Naturalism (arts)

Also see Realism (art movement)

Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realist movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have used a similar approach over the centuries. One example of Naturalism is the artwork of American artist William Bliss Baker, whose landscape paintings are considered some of the best examples of the naturalist movement. Another example is the French Albert Charpin, from the Barbizon School, with his paintings of sheep in their natural settings.

Naturalism began in the early Renaissance, and developed itself further throughout the Renaissance, such as with the Florentine School.

Naturalism is a type of art that pays attention to very accurate and precise details, and portrays things as they are.

Controversies about terms

Some writers restrict the terms "Naturalism" and "Realism" for use as labels for period styles of the middle and late nineteenth century in Europe and America, thus making available the terms "naturalism" and "realism," all lowercase, for tendencies of art of any period so long as the works strive for an accurate representation of the visible world. Thus, "Naturalism" is tied to a time and place, whereas "naturalism" is timeless. As well as a major turning point in art.

Naturalism (arts) Media

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  Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet (1854) – a Realist painting by Gustave Courbet

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  Francisco Goya, Charles IV of Spain and His Family, 1800–01

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  Eilif Peterssen, The Salmon Fisher, 1889

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  HenriBIVA,ca,MatinàVilleneuve,Salonpostcardoriginalpainting,oiloncanvas,.x.cm,privatecollection

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  Lord Leighton's Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna of 1853–55 is at the end of a long tradition of illusionism in painting, but is not Realist in the sense of Courbet's work of the same period.

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  Bas-de-page of the Baptism of Christ, "Hand G" (Jan van Eyck?), Turin–Milan Hours. An illusionistic work for c. 1425, with the dove of the Holy Ghost in the sky.

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  Woodcutting, miniature from a set of Labours of the Months by Simon Bening, c. 1550

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  Annibale Carracci, The Butcher's Shop, early 1580s

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  A photograph taken during the 1922 performance of 'Uncle Vanya' at the Moscow Art Theatre

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  Late Gothic Pietà from Lubiąż in Lower Silesia, Poland, now in National Museum in Warsaw

Sources

• Hauser, Arnold (1999). The Social History of Art: Naturalism, impressionism, the film age. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-415-19948-4.
• “History of Art: Study Guide 14th Century to the Present”. 18th Century Naturalism and The Enlightenment Era Natural Painting. 22 April 2011.