Nepotism
Nepotism is when a person in authority gives jobs to their relatives. It comes from the practice of mediaeval Popes, appointing their nephews to important positions.[1] Nepote is Italian for 'nephew'.[2]
For instance, Pope Callixtus III, head of the Borgia family, made two of his nephews cardinals; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander VI.[3] Alexander then elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress's brother, to cardinal; Farnese would later go on to become Pope Paul III.[4] Paul III was a notorious nepotist. When elected Pope in 1534 he appointed two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals.
The practice was finally ended when Pope Innocent XII issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem, in 1692.[5] The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a cardinal.
In the modern world, nepotism is thought to be wrong, and conflicts with the principle of merit, where the best person gets the job (meritocracy). The argument against the widespread nepotism in countries like Italy is that it damages the economy of the country, though that is difficult to prove.[2]
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References
- ↑ Especially nephews because, as officially celibate, Popes could not legitimately have sons.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ed Butler 2013. Nepotism alive and kicking in Italy. BBC News Magazine[1]
- ↑ "Article Pope Alexander VI". New Catholic Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ "Article Pope Paul III". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 12 July 2007.
- ↑ "Article Nepotism". New Catholic Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2007-02-24. Retrieved 2007-07-12.