Op art
Op art is a style of painting which makes use of optical illusions and other kinds of unusual optical effects.[1] Victor Vasarely a Hungarian artist, was perhaps the first to use this theme regularly, in the 1930s.[2] In the 1960s, Bridget Riley became one of the world's best-known op artists. She specialised in the effects produced by closely fitted lines.[3] Jesús Rafael Soto used mobile elements, so connecting op art with kinetic (moving) structures.[1]
The idea of visual illusions and effects fascinated other artists and intellectuals. The famous Dutch artist M.C. Escher drew impossible structures which worked by using visual illusions. The art historian Ernst Gombrich wrote a detailed study on visual effects in art.[4] The psychologist Richard Gregory spent much of his career studying why the mind saw illusions.[5][6]
Op Art Media
Francis Picabia, c. 1921–22, Optophone I, encre, aquarelle et mine de plomb sur papier, 72 × 60 cm. Reproduced in Galeries Dalmau, Picabia, exhibition catalogue, Barcelona, November 18 – December 8, 1922.
Soto Sphere, Caracas, Venezuela
An optical illusion by the Hungarian-born artist Victor Vasarely in Pécs
Op art ceramic mosaics by Wojciech Fangor in a railway station in Warsaw in Poland (1963).
Op art in modern architecture as a mosaic, painting with enamel paint on steel by Stefan Knapp in University of Toruń in Poland (1972).
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wilson S. & Lack J. 2008. The Tate guide to modern art terms. Tate Publishing, p155. ISBN 978-1-85437-750-0
- ↑ Morgan, Robert C. 2005. Vasarely. New York: Braziller. ISBN 978-0-80761-538-6
- ↑ Riley, Bridget 2013. Bridget Riley: the stripe paintings 1961–2012. Texts by John Elderfield, Paul Moorhouse and Robert Kudielka. London: Ridinghouse. ISBN 978-1-90546-476-0
- ↑ Gombrich E.H. 1960. Art and illusion: a study in the psychology of pictorial representation. Oxford: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-1756-2
- ↑ Gregory R.L. 1966 [5th ed 1997]. Eye and brain: the psychology of seeing. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
- ↑ Gregory R.L. 1970. The intelligent eye. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.