Read-only memory

"ROM" redirects here. For other uses, see ROM (disambiguation).

Read-only memory (or simply ROM) is a type of computer memory. Unlike RAM, it keeps its contents even when the computer or device is turned off. Usually, ROM cannot be written to when the computer runs normally. ROM is used for the BIOS which tells the computer how to start, or important programs like the firmware of certain devices, which usually does not need to be modified. Usually, ROM comes on computer chips.

There are different kinds of ROMs:

• Masked ROM: This kind is written once, at the factory. It cannot be changed at all later on. Its main benefit is that it is very cheap to make.
• PROM: Can be programmed once. Comes unprogrammed from the factory. Programming consists in removing connections. Invented in 1956, it has been replaced by EPROMs.
• EPROM: This kind can be erased with UV light. Invented in 1972, it became rare early in the 21st century.
• EEPROM: This kind can be erased using an electrical signal. Today, flash memory is often used.

Read-only Memory Media

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  Many game consoles use interchangeable ROM cartridges, allowing for one system to play multiple games. Shown here is the inside of a Pokémon Silver Game Boy cartridge. The ROM is the IC on the right labeled "MX23C1603-12A".

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  The first EPROM, an Intel 1702, with the die and wire bonds clearly visible through the erase window.

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  Transformer matrix ROM (TROS), from the IBM System 360/20

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  4Mbit EPROM Texas Instruments TMS27C040