Sedimentology

Middle Triassic marginal marine sequence of siltstones (reddish layers at the cliff base) and limestones (brown rocks above), Virgin Formation, southwestern Utah

Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, was carved out of the surrounding sandstone by mechanical and chemical weathering. Wind, sand, and water from flash flooding are the main weathering agents

Sedimentology is the study of sediments such as sand,^[1] mud (silt),^[2] and clay.^[3] How they are laid down today is used to understand how rocks were formed.^[4] A person who studied sedimentology is called Sedimentologist. They use their understanding of modern processes to interpret sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures.^[5]

Sedimentary rocks cover most of the Earth's surface, record much of the Earth's history, and contain the fossil record. Sedimentology is closely linked to stratigraphy, which is the study of the physical and temporal (time) relationships between rock layers or strata.

The idea that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past is called uniformitarianism. It is the basis for finding out how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed. By comparing similar features today to features in the rock record—for example, by comparing modern sand dunes to dunes preserved in ancient aeolian sandstones—geologists reconstruct past environments.

Sedimentology Media

Mi Vida uranium mine in redox mudstones near Moab, Utah
Heavy minerals (dark) deposited in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India).
Centripetal desiccation cracks (with a dinosaur footprint in the center) in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.

References

↑ Siever, Raymond 1988. Sand. New York: Scientific American Library. ISBN 0-7167-5021-X
↑ Potter P.E; Maynard J.B. and Depetris P.J. 2005. Mud and mudstones: introduction and overview. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-22157-3
↑ Millot, Georges 1970. Geology of clays: weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry. Berlin: Springer Verlag. ISBN 0-412-10050-9
↑ Nichols, Gary 1999. Sedimentology & stratigraphy. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-632-03578-1
↑ Prothero, Donald R. and Schwab, Fred 1994. Sedimentary geology: an introduction to sedimentary rocks and stratigraphy, San Francisco: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2726-9

[1] Siever, Raymond 1988. Sand. New York: Scientific American Library. ISBN 0-7167-5021-X

[2] Potter P.E; Maynard J.B. and Depetris P.J. 2005. Mud and mudstones: introduction and overview. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-22157-3

[3] Millot, Georges 1970. Geology of clays: weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry. Berlin: Springer Verlag. ISBN 0-412-10050-9

[4] Nichols, Gary 1999. Sedimentology & stratigraphy. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-632-03578-1

[5] Prothero, Donald R. and Schwab, Fred 1994. Sedimentary geology: an introduction to sedimentary rocks and stratigraphy, San Francisco: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2726-9

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