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{{Infobox building

{{Infobox building

|name               = Eiffel Tower

| name = The Eiffel Tower

|native_name       = La Tour Eiffel

| native_name = ''Tour Eiffel''

|native_name_lang   = fr

| native_name_lang = fr

|image             = Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons.jpg

| image = Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons (cropped).jpg

|caption           = The Eiffel Tower as seen from<br>the [[Champ de Mars, Paris|Champ de Mars]]

| caption = Seen from the [[Champ de Mars, Paris|Champ de Mars]]

|highest_start     = 1889

| highest_start = 1889

|highest_end       = 1930

| highest_end = 1930

|location           = [[Paris]], France

| location = [[7th arrondissement of Paris|7th arrondissement]], [[Paris]], France

|latd               = 48.8583

|longd             = 2.2945

| latd               = 48.8583

|iso_region        = FR-75

| longd               = 2.2945

|coordinates_display=  

|start_date         = 1887

| coordinates = {{coord|48|51|29.6|N|2|17|40.2|E|region:FR-75|display=inline,title}}

|completion_date   = 1889

| mapframe-zoom = 16

|opening           = 31 March 1889

| start_date = 28 January 1887

|building_type     = Observation tower,<br />[[Radio broadcasting]] tower

| completion_date = 15 March 1889

|antenna_spire      = {{convert|324.00|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

| opening = 31 March 1889 ({{Time ago|31 March 1889}})

|roof              = {{convert|300.65|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

| building_type = Observation tower<br>Broadcasting tower

|top_floor         = {{convert|273.00|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

| architectural = {{convert|300|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=CTBUH>{{ctbuh|id=9410|title=Eiffel Tower}}</ref>

|floor_count       = 3

| tip = {{convert|324|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=CTBUH />

|elevator_count     = 9

|cost               =  

|floor_area         =  

| top_floor = {{convert|276|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=CTBUH />

|architect         = [[Stephen Sauvestre]]

| floor_count = 3<ref name=Emporis>{{Emporis|id=110508|name=Eiffel Tower}}</ref>

|structural_engineer= [[Maurice Koechlin]],<br />[[Émile Nouguier]]

| elevator_count = 8<ref name=Emporis />

|main_contractor   = [[Gustave Eiffel|Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel]]

| cost =  

|developer         =  

| floor_area =  

|owner             = [[Paris|City of Paris]], [[France]]

| architect = [[Stephen Sauvestre]]

|management         = Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE)

| structural_engineer = [[Maurice Koechlin]]<br>[[Émile Nouguier]]

|references        =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/chiffres/page/identite.html?id=4_14 |title=Identity card of the Eiffel Tower |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |date=31 December 2009 |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/dossiers/index.html?id=4_12 |title=The documents |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/structure/page/structure.html?id=4_13 |title=The structure of the Eiffel Tower and its evolution |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/structure/page/chronologie.html |title=Chronology of the main construction periods |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="fdkfke"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/structure/page/lexique.html |title=Dictionary of technical terms |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Fr icon}} http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/pdf/about_the%20Eiffel_Tower.pdf?id=4_11 {{dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/chiffres/page/entreprise.html |title=The Tower operating company |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/chiffres/page/usine.html |title=The industrial maintenance of the Tower |language={{Fr icon}} |publisher=Tour-eiffel.fr |accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref>

| main_contractor = [[Gustave Eiffel|Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel]]

| developer =  

| owner = [[Paris|City of Paris]], [[France]]

| management = {{lang|fr|Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel}} (SETE)

| website = {{URL|toureiffel.paris/en}}

| references = I. {{note|talleststatus}}{{Emporis |id=110508 |name=Eiffel Tower}}

}}

}}

[[File:Eiffel Tower Uploaded by Argonowski.jpg|thumb|200px|The stars of the European Union for the tower]]

[[File:Eiffel Tower Uploaded by Argonowski.jpg|thumb|200px|The stars of the European Union for the tower]]

The '''Eiffel Tower''' ({{lang-fr|links=no|La Tour Eiffel}}, {{IPA-fr|tuʁ ɛfɛl|}}, [[IPA|IPA pronunciation]]: "EYE-full" [[English language|English]]; "eh-FEHL" [[French language|French]]) is a famous landmark in [[Paris]]. It was built between [[1887]] and [[1889]] for the Exposition Universelle. The Tower was the Exposition's main attraction.<ref>{{citation |title=Paris Exposition of 1889 |url= |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=8-28-14}}</ref>  

The '''Eiffel Tower''' ([[French language|French]]: La Tour Eiffel, [[Help:IPA/French|[tuʁ ɛfɛl]]], [[IPA|IPA pronunciation]]: "EYE-full" [[English language|English]]; "eh-FEHL" [[French language|French]]) is a landmark in [[Paris]]. It was built between 1887 and 1889 for the Exposition Universelle (World Fair). The Tower was the Exposition's main attraction.<ref>[[Eiffel Tower#cite note-10|]]</ref>

It cost £35million to build. It is 300 [[metre]]s tall, but this height does not include the 24&nbsp;m [[aerial]] (antenna) on the top; the total height of the structure is 324&nbsp;m (1058 [[Foot (unit of length)|feet]]). There are also 1,665 steps inside the Eiffel Tower. It weighs 10,000 tons. It consists of 18,038 pieces and 2 1/2 million rivets. There are 20,000 sparkling lights and 80&nbsp;kilometers of cables covering the structure. The weight of paint used is 60 tons, and the surface to be painted - 250,000 m2. The paper used to print the visitor's tickets in a year weighs 2 tons. Three separate colors of paint are used on the Tower in order to enhance the impression of height, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top.<ref>Harvie, David I. ''Eiffel: The Genius Who Reinvented Himself'' Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton, 2006. ISBN 0-7509-3309-7. p. 127.</ref>

The Eiffel Tower cost 7,799,401.31 French gold francs to build in 1889, an amount equal to $1,495,139.89 at that time. Today, its cost would equal to $36,784,020.11. It took 2 years, 2 months and 5 days to build it. The tower is {{convert|300|m|abbr=in|lk=on|}} tall, but this height does not include the {{convert|24|m|abbr=in}} [[aerial]] (antenna) on the top; the total height of the structure is {{convert|324|m|abbr=in}}. It has a square base that is {{convert|125|m|abbr=in|}} long on each side. The second story platform is {{convert|115.5|m|ftin|abbr=in}} off {{convert|12000|gal|L|abbr=off|lk=on|order=flip}}, and the surface to be painted is {{convert|250000|m2|acre|abbr=off|lk=on}}. Since it has been built it has been repainted 18 times, each of these 18 paint jobs there were only 25 painters are hired to do the job. Three separate colors of paint are used on the structure in order to [[Juliian dünn|enhance]] the impression of height, with the lightest at the top.

 

There are 20,000 sparkling lights and {{convert|80|km|abbr=in|lk=on}} of cables covering the structure. The paper used to print the visitors' tickets in one year weighs {{convert|2|t|lb|abbr=off}}. The top of the tower leans away from the sun as the metal facing the sun heats up and expands it can move as much as {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip|lk=on}} and grow {{convert|6|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip}} taller.<ref>[[Eiffel Tower#cite note-12|]]</ref> The tower was also built to sway slightly in the wind.

== History ==

== History ==

The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel for the 100th year of the [[French Revolution]]. There were 107 bids submitted to construct the Eiffel Tower, 50 people worked on the design, and more than 100 built the parts. 132 workers assembled the parts on site. At first, the Eiffel Tower was to be made in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], but the people of Barcelona did not want it. Construction began on January 28, 1887 and was concluded on March 31, 1889. When the tower was built, it was only meant to be kept for 20 years. People did not like the Eiffel Tower and reckoned they wanted it taken down. After the 20 years, the tower became the [[property]] of Paris again. By this time, the city had learned that the tower could be used to help with [[communication]]s. The [[military]] used the tower to communicate during battle. The tower was used in the capture of the spy, "[[Mata Hari]]". Nobody wanted it to be taken apart.

The Eiffel Tower was built by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the 100th anniversary of the [[French Revolution]]. Even though Gustave Eiffel is credited for the Eiffel Tower it was actually two lesser known people who came up with the original drawing of it. These people were Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. These two men were the chief engineers of Eiffel’s engineering firm. The main architect was Stephen Sauvestre.

 

Koechlin, Nouguier, Sauvestre, and Eiffel submitted the plans to compete for the spot on the champ de mars plot of land, to serve as the expositions entrance. It would also determine the 1889 world's fair centerpiece in Paris. There were 107 bids submitted to construct the Eiffel Tower. Fifty people worked on the design, and more than 100 built the parts. One hundred and thirty two workers assembled the parts on site.

 

The first digging for the foundations began on January 28, 1887 and all construction was concluded on March 31, 1889. When the tower was built, it was only meant to be kept for 20 years. People did not like the Eiffel Tower and wanted it taken down because they thought is was an ugly structure polluting the scenery of the Paris sky. After the 20 years, the tower became the [[property]] of Paris again.

 

By this time, the city had learned that the tower could be used to help with [[communication]]s. There was also a metrology lab that had been installed for studies on everything from gravity to electricity. The [[military]] used the tower as a wireless telegraph transmitter for communication during battle. The tower was used in the capture of the spy "[[Mata Hari]]" during World War I after a message was intercepted. Today, it is used to send radio and television signals to the capital city of Paris and beyond. After people learned about the many benefits the tower provided, no one wanted it to be taken apart.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The difficulty building the first floor was in bringing building materials and people up to it with a point of departure as in the elevators. The elevators had to be positioned at a slanting angle to meet the horizontal beams on the first floor. The elevator had to use hydraulic jacks to move and erect the elevator up the slanted legs. Currently the hydraulic jacks are not in use due to more advanced technology. The second floor was assembled with cranes that took the same route as the elevators. There was no troubles from this point onward in the construction.

==References==

==References==

{{reflist|refs=

{{reflist}}

}}

== Other websites ==

== Other websites ==

* [http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/ Eiffel Tower official website]

* [http://www.world-city-photos.org/Paris/photos/Eiffel_Tower/ Eiffel Tower photos - free pictures]

* [http://zsmith.net Several videos of the Eiffel Tower]

* [http://myeiffeltower.com Eiffel Tower] A simple story for the amazing Eiffel Tower

* [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2033956/Intricate-sketches-English-student-Paris-showing-building-Eiffel-Tower-displayed-time.html Sketches and plans of the tower's construction] at [[MailOnline]]

* [http://www.beautiful-houses.net/2011/02/eiffel-tower-plans-paris-france.html Eiffel Tower plans and stages of construction]

* [http://www.archdaily.com/577005/eiffel-tower-s-first-floor-refurbushment-agence-moatti-riviere/548a41e5e58ece0d79000052-portada_mr_eiffel_0914_79-jpg Images of the 2014 refurbishment] at [[ArchDaily]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070609061147/http://dspt.club.fr/tour_eiffel.htm History of transmitters at the Eiffel Tower] by Pierre Dessapt {{in lang|fr}}

 

{{Commons category}}

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[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Paris]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Paris]]

[[Category:Towers]]

[[Category:Towers]]