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1923 Great Kantō earthquake (view source)
Revision as of 06:45, 4 October 2020
, 06:45, 4 October 2020KS update 1.1
{{Infobox earthquake
|title = 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
|timestamp = 1923-09-01 02:58:35
|anss-url = iscgem911526
|isc-event = 911526
|image =
|image alt =
|imagecaption =
|map =
|map alt =
|image name =
|map2 = {{Location map+|Japan|relief=1|width=260|float=right|border=yes|caption=|places=
{{Location map~|Japan
| lat_deg = 35
| lat_min = 19.6
| lat_sec =
| lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 139
| lon_min = 8.3
| lon_sec =
| lon_dir = E
|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40|position=top}}
{{Location map~|Japan|lat=35.7|long=139.715|label=Tokyo|position=right|mark=Green pog.svg}}}}
|mapsize =
|caption =
|local-date = {{Start date|1923|9|1}}
|local-time = 11:58:32 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]])
|duration = 48 s<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobayashi|first=Reiji|last2=Koketsu|first2=Kazuki|year=2005|title=Source process of the 1923 Kanto earthquake inferred from historical geodetic, teleseismic, and strong motion data|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|volume=57|issue=4|pages=261|doi=10.1186/BF03352562|bibcode=2005EP&S...57..261K}}</ref> 4 min<ref>{{cite web|last=Panda|first=Rajaram|title=Japan Coping with a National Calamity|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/JapanCopingwithaNationalCalamity_rpanda_160311|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)|location=Delhi|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref>
|magnitude = 7.9<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kanamori|first=Hiroo|year=1977|title=The energy release in great earthquakes|journal=J. Geophys. Res.|volume=82|issue=20|pages= 2981–2987|doi=10.1029/JB082i020p02981|bibcode=1977JGR....82.2981K|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/51386/1/jgr13796.pdf}}</ref> 8.0<ref>{{cite web|last=Namegaya|first=Yuichi|last2=Satake|first2=Kenji|last3=Shishikura|first3=Masanobu|year=2011|title=Fault models of the 1703 Genroku and 1923 Taisho Kanto earthquakes inferred from coastal movements in the southern Kanto erea|url=https://www.gsj.jp/data/actfault-eq/h22seika/pdf/namegaya.pdf|accessdate=27 September 2015}}</ref> 8.2<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigirep/chuobou/senmon/shutochokkajishinmodel/pdf/dansoumodel_01.pdf |title=首都直下地震モデル検討会 }} 首都直下のM7クラスの地震及び相模トラフ沿いのM8クラスの地震等の震源断層モデルと震度分布・津波高等に関する報告書</ref> [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]
|depth = {{Convert|23|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|location = {{Coord|35|19.6|N|139|8.3|E|source:dewiki_region:JP-13_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<ref>Usami, Tatsuo[[#Soran (2003)|『最新版 日本被害地震総覧』]] p272.</ref>
|type = [[Megathrust earthquake|Megathrust]]
|countries affected = Japan
|damage =
|intensity = [[Mercalli intensity scale|XI (''Extreme'')]]
|PGA = <!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
|tsunami = Up to {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />in [[Atami, Shizuoka|Atami]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]], [[Tōkai region|Tōkai]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Hatori|first=Tokutaro|title=Tsunami Behavior of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake at Atami and Hatsushima Island in Sagami Bay|url=http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2261/12893|accessdate=27 September 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929224549/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2261/12893|archivedate=29 September 2015}}</ref>
|landslide = Yes
|aftershocks = 6 of 7.0 M or higher<ref>{{cite web|last=Takemura|first=Masayuki|year=1994|title=Aftershock Activities for Two Days after the 1923 Kanto Earthquake (M=7.9) Inferred from Seismograms at Gifu Observatory|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin1948/46/4/46_4_439/_pdf|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>
|casualties = 105,385<ref>{{cite journal|last=Takemura|first=Masayuki|last2=Moroi|first2=Takafumi|year=2004|title=Mortality Estimation by Causes of Death Due to the 1923 Kanto Earthquake|journal=Journal of Jaee|volume=4|issue=4|pages=21–45|doi=10.5610/jaee.4.4_21}}</ref>–142,800<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=9&day=1&submit=View+Date|title=Today in Earthquake History|publisher=|accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref> deaths
}}
The {{nihongo|'''Great Kantō earthquake'''|関東大震災|Kantō daishinsai}} was a [[Japan]]ese natural disaster in the [[Kantō region]] of the island of [[Honshū]].<ref>James, Charles. [http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire" at University of California, Berkeley]; retrieved 2012-12-11.</ref> The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 [[UTC]]) on Saturday, September 1, 1923. It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.<ref>Panda, Rajaram. [http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/JapanCopingwithaNationalCalamity_rpanda_160311 "Japan Coping with a National Calamity,"] Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA); retrieved 2012-12-11.</ref>
This earthquake destroyed [[Tokyo]], the port city of [[Yokohama]], surrounding prefectures of [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], and [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]]. It caused widespread damage.<ref>Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yokohama+burning&sig=rbgbEDXJV5fht4wdSD1HBoAMANg#PPA278,M1 ''Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II,'' p. 278].</ref> About 140,000 people died.
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="170px" perrow="2">
File:Marunouchi after the Great Kanto Earthquake.JPG|[[Tokyo]] in flames
File:Kanto-daishinsai.jpg|A view of the destruction in [[Yokohama]]
</gallery>
==Related pages==
* [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|1}}
==Other websites==
{{Commons category-inline|1923 Great Kantō earthquake}}
*[http://www.japan-guide.com/a/earthquake/ Great Kanto Earthquake photos]
*[http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=11103 Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé]
*[http://dl.lib.brown.edu/kanto Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University]
*[http://neic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html USGS Earthquake Lists]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Great Kanto Earthquake}}
[[Category:Earthquakes in Japan]]
[[Category:1923]]
[[Category:1920s in Japan]]
[[Category:September events]]
|title = 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
|timestamp = 1923-09-01 02:58:35
|anss-url = iscgem911526
|isc-event = 911526
|image =
|image alt =
|imagecaption =
|map =
|map alt =
|image name =
|map2 = {{Location map+|Japan|relief=1|width=260|float=right|border=yes|caption=|places=
{{Location map~|Japan
| lat_deg = 35
| lat_min = 19.6
| lat_sec =
| lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 139
| lon_min = 8.3
| lon_sec =
| lon_dir = E
|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40|position=top}}
{{Location map~|Japan|lat=35.7|long=139.715|label=Tokyo|position=right|mark=Green pog.svg}}}}
|mapsize =
|caption =
|local-date = {{Start date|1923|9|1}}
|local-time = 11:58:32 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]])
|duration = 48 s<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobayashi|first=Reiji|last2=Koketsu|first2=Kazuki|year=2005|title=Source process of the 1923 Kanto earthquake inferred from historical geodetic, teleseismic, and strong motion data|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|volume=57|issue=4|pages=261|doi=10.1186/BF03352562|bibcode=2005EP&S...57..261K}}</ref> 4 min<ref>{{cite web|last=Panda|first=Rajaram|title=Japan Coping with a National Calamity|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/JapanCopingwithaNationalCalamity_rpanda_160311|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)|location=Delhi|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref>
|magnitude = 7.9<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kanamori|first=Hiroo|year=1977|title=The energy release in great earthquakes|journal=J. Geophys. Res.|volume=82|issue=20|pages= 2981–2987|doi=10.1029/JB082i020p02981|bibcode=1977JGR....82.2981K|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/51386/1/jgr13796.pdf}}</ref> 8.0<ref>{{cite web|last=Namegaya|first=Yuichi|last2=Satake|first2=Kenji|last3=Shishikura|first3=Masanobu|year=2011|title=Fault models of the 1703 Genroku and 1923 Taisho Kanto earthquakes inferred from coastal movements in the southern Kanto erea|url=https://www.gsj.jp/data/actfault-eq/h22seika/pdf/namegaya.pdf|accessdate=27 September 2015}}</ref> 8.2<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigirep/chuobou/senmon/shutochokkajishinmodel/pdf/dansoumodel_01.pdf |title=首都直下地震モデル検討会 }} 首都直下のM7クラスの地震及び相模トラフ沿いのM8クラスの地震等の震源断層モデルと震度分布・津波高等に関する報告書</ref> [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]
|depth = {{Convert|23|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|location = {{Coord|35|19.6|N|139|8.3|E|source:dewiki_region:JP-13_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<ref>Usami, Tatsuo[[#Soran (2003)|『最新版 日本被害地震総覧』]] p272.</ref>
|type = [[Megathrust earthquake|Megathrust]]
|countries affected = Japan
|damage =
|intensity = [[Mercalli intensity scale|XI (''Extreme'')]]
|PGA = <!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
|tsunami = Up to {{Convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />in [[Atami, Shizuoka|Atami]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]], [[Tōkai region|Tōkai]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Hatori|first=Tokutaro|title=Tsunami Behavior of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake at Atami and Hatsushima Island in Sagami Bay|url=http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2261/12893|accessdate=27 September 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929224549/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2261/12893|archivedate=29 September 2015}}</ref>
|landslide = Yes
|aftershocks = 6 of 7.0 M or higher<ref>{{cite web|last=Takemura|first=Masayuki|year=1994|title=Aftershock Activities for Two Days after the 1923 Kanto Earthquake (M=7.9) Inferred from Seismograms at Gifu Observatory|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin1948/46/4/46_4_439/_pdf|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>
|casualties = 105,385<ref>{{cite journal|last=Takemura|first=Masayuki|last2=Moroi|first2=Takafumi|year=2004|title=Mortality Estimation by Causes of Death Due to the 1923 Kanto Earthquake|journal=Journal of Jaee|volume=4|issue=4|pages=21–45|doi=10.5610/jaee.4.4_21}}</ref>–142,800<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=9&day=1&submit=View+Date|title=Today in Earthquake History|publisher=|accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref> deaths
}}
The {{nihongo|'''Great Kantō earthquake'''|関東大震災|Kantō daishinsai}} was a [[Japan]]ese natural disaster in the [[Kantō region]] of the island of [[Honshū]].<ref>James, Charles. [http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire" at University of California, Berkeley]; retrieved 2012-12-11.</ref> The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 [[UTC]]) on Saturday, September 1, 1923. It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.<ref>Panda, Rajaram. [http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/JapanCopingwithaNationalCalamity_rpanda_160311 "Japan Coping with a National Calamity,"] Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA); retrieved 2012-12-11.</ref>
This earthquake destroyed [[Tokyo]], the port city of [[Yokohama]], surrounding prefectures of [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], and [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]]. It caused widespread damage.<ref>Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yokohama+burning&sig=rbgbEDXJV5fht4wdSD1HBoAMANg#PPA278,M1 ''Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II,'' p. 278].</ref> About 140,000 people died.
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="170px" perrow="2">
File:Marunouchi after the Great Kanto Earthquake.JPG|[[Tokyo]] in flames
File:Kanto-daishinsai.jpg|A view of the destruction in [[Yokohama]]
</gallery>
==Related pages==
* [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|1}}
==Other websites==
{{Commons category-inline|1923 Great Kantō earthquake}}
*[http://www.japan-guide.com/a/earthquake/ Great Kanto Earthquake photos]
*[http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=11103 Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé]
*[http://dl.lib.brown.edu/kanto Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University]
*[http://neic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html USGS Earthquake Lists]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Great Kanto Earthquake}}
[[Category:Earthquakes in Japan]]
[[Category:1923]]
[[Category:1920s in Japan]]
[[Category:September events]]