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[[File:Karl Ernst von Baer Types Principaux des Differents Race Humaines.jpg|thumb|In the 19th century, it was common to classify people into different races. Usually this was done based on the way people looked. This image shows a classification of [[Karl Ernst von Baer|Karl Erst von Baer]], done in 1864.]]
The term '''race''' or '''racial group''' refers to dividing the [[human]] [[species]] into groups. The most widely used human racial types are those based on visual [[Trait (biology)|traits]] (such as [[human skin color|skin color]], [[cranium|cranial]], [[face|facial features]], or [[hair|type of hair]]).<ref>Bamshad, Michael and Steve E. Olson. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070604222659/http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/rhking/departments/science/bio/evol_pop_dyn/does_race_exist.pdf "Does race exist?"], ''[[Scientific American]]'' (10 November 2003).</ref> Modern [[biology]] says that there is only one human race.<ref>{{cite web|author=American Association of Physical Anthropologists|title=AAPA Statement on Race and Racism |website=American Association of Physical Anthropologists|accessdate=19 June 2020 |date=27 March 2019 |url=https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/}}</ref><ref name="Templeton2016">Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), ''How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society'' (pp. 346-361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26}}. That this view reflects the consenus among American anthropologists is stated in: {{cite journal|last2=Yu|first2=Joon-Ho|last3=Ifekwunigwe|first3=Jayne O.|last4=Harrell|first4=Tanya M.|last5=Bamshad|first5=Michael J.|last6=Royal|first6=Charmaine D.|date=February 2017|title=Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=162|issue=2|pages=318–327|doi=10.1002/ajpa.23120|last1=Wagner|first1=Jennifer K.}}</ref>{{rp|360}} But the word ''race'' also has a meaning in [[sociology]]. Many people react in one way if they see a [[white people|white person]] and in another way if they see a [[black people|black person]]. That's why in the [[United States]] and other countries official forms sometimes ask people to describe their [[ethnic]] origin. This is a way of saying "what racial group do you think you are?".
The term '''race''' or '''racial group''' refers to dividing the [[human]] [[species]] into groups. The most widely used human racial types are those based on visual [[Trait (biology)|traits]] (such as [[human skin color|skin color]], [[cranium|cranial]], [[face|facial features]], or [[hair|type of hair]]).<ref>Bamshad, Michael and Steve E. Olson. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070604222659/http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/rhking/departments/science/bio/evol_pop_dyn/does_race_exist.pdf "Does race exist?"], ''[[Scientific American]]'' (10 November 2003).</ref> Modern [[biology]] says that there is only one human race.<ref>{{cite web|author=American Association of Physical Anthropologists|title=AAPA Statement on Race and Racism |website=American Association of Physical Anthropologists|accessdate=19 June 2020 |date=27 March 2019 |url=https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/}}</ref><ref name="Templeton2016">Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), ''How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society'' (pp. 346-361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26}}. That this view reflects the consenus among American anthropologists is stated in: {{cite journal|last2=Yu|first2=Joon-Ho|last3=Ifekwunigwe|first3=Jayne O.|last4=Harrell|first4=Tanya M.|last5=Bamshad|first5=Michael J.|last6=Royal|first6=Charmaine D.|date=February 2017|title=Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=162|issue=2|pages=318–327|doi=10.1002/ajpa.23120|last1=Wagner|first1=Jennifer K.}}</ref>{{rp|360}} But the word ''race'' also has a meaning in [[sociology]]. Many people react in one way if they see a [[white people|white person]] and in another way if they see a [[black people|black person]]. That's why in the [[United States]] and other countries official forms sometimes ask people to describe their [[ethnic]] origin. This is a way of saying "what racial group do you think you are?".
==Social darwinism and race==
==Social darwinism and race==
[[Social darwinism]] refers to various ideologies based on a concept that competition is active among all individuals, or even whole nations as [[social evolution]] in human societies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=D. Paul|title=Contemporary Sociological Theory|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|year=2008|pages=492|chapter=The historical background of social darwinism|quote=In the social realm the competitive struggle may be among individuals or among different groups within society, different societies, or different racial or ethnic populations.|isbn=0387765212}}</ref>
[[Social darwinism]] refers to various ideologies based on a concept that competition is active among all individuals, or even whole nations as [[social evolution]] in human societies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=D. Paul|title=Contemporary Sociological Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporarysoci00john|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|year=2008|pages=[https://archive.org/details/contemporarysoci00john/page/n492 492]|chapter=The historical background of social darwinism|quote=In the social realm the competitive struggle may be among individuals or among different groups within society, different societies, or different racial or ethnic populations.|isbn=0387765212}}</ref>
It is a social adaptation of the theory of [[natural selection]] as proposed by [[Charles Darwin]]. ''[[Natural selection]]'' explains success in various animal populations as the outcome of competition between individual [[organism]]s for limited resources. This idea is popularly known as "[[survival of the fittest]]", a term first used by [[Herbert Spencer]], not Darwin.
It is a social adaptation of the theory of [[natural selection]] as proposed by [[Charles Darwin]]. ''[[Natural selection]]'' explains success in various animal populations as the outcome of competition between individual [[organism]]s for limited resources. This idea is popularly known as "[[survival of the fittest]]", a term first used by [[Herbert Spencer]], not Darwin.