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Android (operating system) (view source)

Revision as of 22:16, 13 June 2023

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KS update 1.3

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| name = Android

| title =

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| logo = Android ~~new~~ logo 2019.svg

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| logo = Android logo 2019 (stacked).svg

| logo alt =

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| screenshot = ~~Pixel 4a~~ Android ~~11 Launcher~~.png

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| screenshot = Android 13 homescreen.png

| screenshot_size = 250px

| collapsible = no

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| caption = Android 11 home screen with Pixel Launcher

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| caption = Android 13 home screen with Pixel Launcher

| developer = [[Google]],<br>[[Open Handset Alliance]]

| family = [[Unix-like]]

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| source model = [[Open source software|Open source]] (most devices include [[proprietary software|proprietary]] components, such as [[Google Play]])

| released = {{start date and age|2008|9|23}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Morrill |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |website=Android Developers Blog |publisher=[[Google]] |date=September 23, 2008 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305061323/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

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| latest release version = [[Android ~~12|Android 12 "Sabrina"~~]]

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| latest release version = [[Android 13]]

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| latest release date = {{start date and age|~~2021~~|10|4}}

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| latest release date = {{start date and age|2022|08|15}}

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| latest preview version = ~~N/A~~

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| latest preview version = Android 13 Beta 1

| preview_date =

| marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[smart TV]]s ([[Android TV]]), [[Android Auto]] and [[smartwatch]]es ([[Wear OS]])

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| language footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.android.com/versions/nougat-7-0/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat |quote=Internationalization<br>Multi-locale support [..]<br>New languages supported: Coupled with allowing you to select multiple languages preferences, Android Nougat allows you to select from 100 new languages and 25 locales for commonly used languages such as English, Spanish, French, and Arabic. This enables Apps to better support and understanding your language preferences even if your devices lacks official support for it. |access-date=September 5, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822165625/https://www.android.com/versions/nougat-7-0/ |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

| package manager = [[Android application package|APK]] (primarily through [[Google Play]]; installation of APKs also possible locally or from alternative sources such as [[F-Droid]])

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| supported platforms = [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[x86-64]], unofficial [[RISC-V]] support; [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] (for e.g. ARM) was supported<ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Érika|title=Google bans 32-bit apps from Android for good|date=September 2021|url=https://blog.en.uptodown.com/google-bans-32-bit-apps-from-android-for-good/|access-date=2021-11-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-12|title=32-bits is dead: Here's what it means for Android, Apple, and more|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-32-vs-64-bit-explained-1232065/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Android Authority}}</ref>

| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel|modified Linux kernel]])

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'''Android''' is an [[operating system]] for [[mobile device]]s. It is mostly used for [[smartphone]]s, like [[Google]]'s own [[Google Pixel]], as well as by other phone manufacturers like [[HTC Corporation|HTC]] and [[Samsung]]. It has also been used for [[Tablet computer|tablets]] such as the [[Motorola]] Xoom and [[Amazon Kindle]]. A modified [[Linux kernel]] is used as Android's [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]].<ref>[https://~~code~~.google.com/android~~/ Android Project Home]~~</ref>

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'''Android''' is an [[operating system]] for [[mobile device]]s. It is mostly used for [[smartphone]]s, like [[Google]]'s own [[Google Pixel]], as well as by other phone manufacturers like [[HTC Corporation|HTC]] and [[Samsung]]. It has also been used for [[Tablet computer|tablets]] such as the [[Motorola]], Xoom and [[Amazon Kindle]]. A modified [[Linux kernel]] is used as Android's [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/android|title=Google Play services|website=Google Developers}}</ref>

Google says that over 1.3 million Android [[smartphone]]s are sold every day.<ref name="Eric Schmidt">{{cite web | title= There Are Now 1.3 Million Android Device Activations Per Day |publisher= [[:en:TechCrunch|TechCrunch]] |date= 2012-09-05 |url= https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/05/eric-schmidt-there-are-now-1-3-million-android-device-activations-per-day/ }}</ref> Most mobile phones run Android, making it the most popular [[mobile operating system]]. It is also the most popular operating system in general.

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It supports [[multitasking]] and two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics.

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Security updates are not provided on versions older than Android ~~8.0~~. Newer versions receive security updates if the phone manufacturer supports them. Phones which have Android 10 and above receive security updates (like app updates) directly from Google Play.

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Security updates are not provided on versions older than Android 10. Newer versions receive security updates if the phone manufacturer supports them. Phones which have Android 10 and above receive security updates (like app updates) directly from Google Play.

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The current stable version is [[Android ~~12]]~~, released on ~~October 4~~, ~~2021~~. As of ~~June 2021~~, Android 10 is the most used version.

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The current stable version is Android 13, released on August 15, 2022. {{As of|2022|10}}, [[Android Pie|Android 9]] is the most used version.

== Android programs ==

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[[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">[https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals~~.html~~ Android Developers ~~Application Fundamentals]~~</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions.  Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere.

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[[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals|title=Application Fundamentals|website=Android Developers}}</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions.  Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere.

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Android, Inc. began working on the Android operating system in 2003. In the future, Google bought it in 2005. The software development kit (SDK) for Android OS was launched on November 12, 2007, while the beta version was made available on November 5, 2007.

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In October 2008, the T-Mobile G1 (also known as the HTC Dream) became the first Android smartphone to be made available to the general market.

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Google revealed in August 2019 that the candy scheme was coming to an end and that future Android releases would instead use numerical ordering.

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Android 10 was the first Android version to be made available in numerical order.

== Android version numbers and names ==

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~~[[File:Android operating system.gif|thumb|Easter eggs in different Android versions]]~~

[[Software versioning|Versions]] of Android have a number and have had a name based on [[confectionery|confectioneries]], up to and including Android 9 Pie, but since then it has mostly been a number, with the code name usually only being used internally and by Developers and manufacturers. The version numbers and names are:

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* 1.1: (No codename)

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* 1.0 (no codename)

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* 1.1: Petit Four

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* 1.1: Petit Four<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://source.android.com/docs/setup/about/build-numbers|title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers|website=Android Open Source Project}}</ref>

* 1.5: Cupcake

* 1.6: Donut

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* 8.0: Oreo

* 9.0: Pie<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.android.com/versions/pie-9-0/|title=Android 9 Pie|website=Android|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref>

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* [[Android 10|10]]: ~~Queen Cake~~

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* [[Android 11|Android 11]]: Modded Apps usable for users with existing knowledge Tiramisu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=apkskycity|title=Google may have already revealed the dessert name for Android 13 "T"|date=July 27, 2021}}</ref>

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* [[Android 10|10]]: Quince cake

* [[Android 11|11]]: Red Velvet Cake

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* [[Android 12|12]]: ~~Sabrina~~

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* [[Android 12|12]]: Snow Cone

* [[Android 13|13]]: Tiramisu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xda-developers.com/google-android-13-t-tiramisu-dessert-name/|title=Google may have already revealed the dessert name for Android 13 "T"|date=July 27, 2021}}</ref>

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* 14: Upside Down Cake

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* 15: Vanilla Ice Cream

== Related pages ==

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