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Android (operating system) (view source)
Revision as of 07:44, 6 September 2023
, 07:44, 6 September 2023KS update 1.3
| logo = Android logo 2019 (stacked).svg
| logo = Android logo 2019 (stacked).svg
| logo alt =
| logo alt =
| screenshot = Android 13 homescreen.png
| screenshot = Android 14 Screenshot.png
| screenshot_size = 250px
| screenshot_size = 250px
| collapsible = no
| collapsible = no
| caption = Android 13 home screen with Pixel Launcher
| caption = Android 14 home screen with Pixel Launcher
| developer = [[Google]],<br>[[Open Handset Alliance]]
| developer = [[Google]],<br>[[Open Handset Alliance]]
| family = [[Unix-like]]
| family = [[Unix-like]]
| latest release version = [[Android 13]]
| latest release version = [[Android 13]]
| latest release date = {{start date and age|2022|08|15}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age|2022|08|15}}
| latest preview version = Android 13 Beta 1
| latest preview version = Android 14 Beta 5.2
| preview_date =
| preview_date = {{start date and age|2023|08|25}}
| marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[smart TV]]s ([[Android TV]]), [[Android Auto]] and [[smartwatch]]es ([[Wear OS]])
| marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[smart TV]]s ([[Android TV]]), [[Android Auto]] and [[smartwatch]]es ([[Wear OS]])
| programmed in = {{nowrap|[[Java (programming language)|Java]] (UI), [[C (programming language)|C]] (core), [[C++]] and more<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Language Breakdown |url=https://www.openhub.net/p/android/analyses/latest/languages_summary |publisher=[[Open Hub]] |date=October 25, 2017 |access-date=December 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124807/https://www.openhub.net/p/android/analyses/latest/languages_summary |archive-date=December 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>}}
| programmed in = {{nowrap|[[Java (programming language)|Java]] (UI), [[C (programming language)|C]] (core), [[C++]] and more<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Language Breakdown |url=https://www.openhub.net/p/android/analyses/latest/languages_summary |publisher=[[Open Hub]] |date=October 25, 2017 |access-date=December 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124807/https://www.openhub.net/p/android/analyses/latest/languages_summary |archive-date=December 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>}}
The current stable version is Android 13, released on August 15, 2022. {{As of|2022|10}}, [[Android Pie|Android 9]] is the most used version.
The current stable version is Android 13, released on August 15, 2022. {{As of|2022|10}}, [[Android Pie|Android 9]] is the most used version.
== Android programs ==
== Android programs ==
[[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals|title=Application Fundamentals|website=Android Developers}}</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions. <!-- but the [[User interface|UI]] is always made using [[Java]] and [[XML]]. --> Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere.
[[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals|title=Application Fundamentals|website=Android Developers}}</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions. <!-- but the [[User interface|UI]] is always made using [[Java]] and [[XML]]. --> Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere.
Android 10 was the first Android version to be made available in numerical order.
Android 10 was the first Android version to be made available in numerical order.
== Android version numbers and names ==
== Android version numbers and names ==
[[Software versioning|Versions]] of Android have a number and have had a name based on [[confectionery|confectioneries]], up to and including Android 9 Pie, but since then it has mostly been a number, with the code name usually only being used internally and by Developers and manufacturers. The version numbers and names are:
[[Software versioning|Versions]] of Android have a number and have had a name based on [[confectionery|confectioneries]], up to and including Android 9 Pie, but since then it has mostly been a number, with the code name usually only being used internally and by Developers and manufacturers. The version numbers and names are:
* 15: Vanilla Ice Cream
* 15: Vanilla Ice Cream
== Android (operating System) Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:HTC Android T-Mobile G1.jpg|[[HTC Dream]] or T-Mobile G1, the first commercially released device running Android (2008)
File:A Press Conference for the Launch of Nexus 7 on September 27, 2012 in Seoul from acrofan 3.JPG|[[Eric Schmidt]], [[Andy Rubin]] and [[Hugo Barra]] at a 2012 press conference announcing Google's Nexus 7 tablet
File:HTC_Desire_-_optic_navigation.jpeg|Front buttons (home, menu/options, go back, search) and [[Smartphone#Alternative input methods|optical track pad]] of an [[HTC Desire]], a 2010 smartphone with Android OS
File:Android open source project.png|The stack of Android Open Source Project
File:Android Open Source Project platform.png|Diagram representing the Android Open Source Project platform
File:Front view of Nexus 7 (cropped).png|The [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|first-generation Nexus 7]] tablet, running Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
File:Nook Color Showing Wikipedia Index On Dolphin Browser HD.jpg|[[Barnes & Noble Nook]] running Android
File:OUYA-Console-set-h.png|[[Ouya]], a [[video game console]] which runs Android
File:Android x86 on EeePC 701 4G.jpg|[[Android-x86]] running on an ASUS [[Asus Eee PC|Eee PC]] netbook
</gallery>
== Related pages ==
== Related pages ==
* [[Operating system]]
* [[Operating system]]
* [[Androidland]]
* [[Androidland]]
* [[iOS]]
* [[iOS]]
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
== Other websites ==
{{Commons category|Android (operating system)}}
{{Commons category|Android (operating system)}}