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Line 1: − {{Infobox programming language+ − | name = C++ − | logo = File:ISO C++ Logo.svg − | paradigm = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]:<ref name="stroustruptcpppl" /> [[procedural programming|procedural]], [[functional programming|functional]], [[object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[generic programming|generic]] − | year = 1983 − | designer = [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] − | developer = Bjarne Stroustrup<br>[[Bell Labs]]<br>{{nobr|ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21}} − | latest_release_version = ISO/IEC 14882:2020 − | latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|2020|12|15|df=yes}} − | latest_test_version = − | latest_test_date = − | typing = [[Static type|Static]], [[Type system#Safely and unsafely typed systems|unsafe]], [[Nominative type system|nominative]] − | implementations = {{nowraplinks}}[[C++ Builder]], [[clang]], [[Comeau C/C++]], [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]], [[Intel C++ Compiler]], [[Microsoft Visual C++]], [[Sun Studio (software)|Sun Studio]]{{nowraplinks end}} − | dialects = {{nowraplinks}}[[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 1998, [[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 2003, [[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 2011, [[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 2014, [[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 2017, [[ISO/IEC 14882|ISO/IEC C++]] 2020{{nowraplinks end}} − | influenced_by = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Simula]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 83]], [[ALGOL 68]], [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]], [[ML (programming language)|ML]]<ref name="stroustruptcpppl">{{Cite book | last=Stroustrup | first=Bjarne | title=The C++ Programming Language | year=1997 | edition=Third | <!-- chapter=1 | --> isbn=0201889544 | oclc=59193992 }}</ref> − | influenced = [[Perl]]<!--1987-->, [[LPC (programming language)|LPC]]<!--1989-->, [[Lua]]<!--1993-->, [[Pike (programming language)|Pike]]<!-- 1994 -->, [[Ada (programming language)|Ada 95]]<!--1995-->, [[Java (programming language)|Java]]<!--1995-->, [[PHP]]<!--1995-->, [[D (programming language)|D]]<!--1999-->, [[C99]]<!--1999-->, [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]<!--2001-->, [[Falcon (programming language)|Falcon]]<!--2003--> − | operating_system = [[Cross-platform|Cross-platform (multi-platform)]] − | license = − | website = − | file_ext = .h .hh .hpp .hxx {{nowrap|.h++}} .cc .cpp .cxx {{nowrap|.c++}} − | wikibooks = C++ Programming − |logo caption=C++ logo used by ISO}} − [[File:BjarneStroustrup.jpg|right|thumb|Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++]] − − The C++ programming language was developed by [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] at [[Bell Labs]] in the 1980s, and was originally named "C with classes". The language was planned as an improvement on the [[C (programming language)|C]] programming language, adding features based on [[object-oriented programming]]. Step by step, a lot of advanced features were added to the language, like [[exception handling]], [[templates (programming)|templates]], "move semantics" and [[namespace]]s (not full module support, while that was added later) and new [[operator overloading]] capabilities were added in versions C++11 and C++20.+ + + − C++ runs on a most platforms (all mainstream ones), such as [[Windows]], [[macOS]], and the various versions of UNIX, for example [[Linux]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200713161758/https://www.programstudio.online/2020/05/introduction-to-c.html Introduction to C++ language] is a practical approach to describe the concepts of C++ for beginners to advanced software engineers.+ − C++ is a general-purpose programing language which means that it can be used to create different variety of applications. [https://codinggrammar.com/what-is-cpp-used-for/ C++ is used for] variety of application domains.+ − C++20 is the latest version of the standard, which finally added for example module support in December 2020 (while many languages supported modules a decade, if not two or more, earlier). The major compilers have almost complete support for C++20, while almost all default to the older C++17 standard, so a compiler switch is needed to enable the C++20 support the compilers have.+ − New C++ standards are on a three-year schedule, so the next one, C++23, is expected in 2023, and some compilers already have some (partial) support for that experimental standard. The many earlier C++ standards have each added stuff to the language, almost never taken stuff out, so mostly keeping compatibility with older standards.+ − == Example ==+ − The following text is C++ source code and it will write the words "[[Hello world program|Hello World!]]" on the screen when it has been [[compiled language|compiled]] and is executed. This program is typically the first program a programmer would write while learning about programming languages. − <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">+ − // This is a comment. It's for *people* to read, not computers. It's usually used to describe the program. − // Make the I/O standard library available for use in the program.+ − #include <iostream> − + − int main()+ − {+ − // Printing a message to the screen using the standard output stream std::cout.+ − std::cout << "Hello World!";+ − return 0;+ − }+ − </syntaxhighlight>+ + + + + + + + + + − This program is similar to the last, except it will add 3 + 2 and print the answer instead of "Hello World!".+ + + − <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> − #include <iostream> − int main()+ − − // Print a simple calculation. − std::cout << 3 + 2; − return 0; − } − </syntaxhighlight> − − This program subtracts, multiplies, divides and then prints the answer on the screen. − − <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> − #include <iostream> − − int main() − { − // Create and initialize three variables, a, b, and c, to 5, 10, and 20. − int a = 5; − int b = 10; − int c = 20; − − // Print calculations. − std::cout << a-b-c; − std::cout << a*b*c; − std::cout << a/b/c; − return 0; − } − </syntaxhighlight> − − == Manual memory management == − C++ introduced two keywords <code>new</code> and <code>delete</code> for manual memory management (while also keeping compatibility with the old way C uses), and the constructor and destructor concepts. In modern C++ code, using <code>new</code> and <code>delete</code> (and destructors) is no longer preferred in high-level code, rather containers such as <code>std:vector</code> (which at a low level are implemented with <code>new</code> and <code>delete</code>). − − == References == − {{reflist}} − − − {{authority control}} − [[Category:Multi-paradigm programming languages]] − [[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]] − [[Category:Cross-platform software]]
KS update 1.3
:''If you typed '''C#''' and arrived at this page, then see [[C-sharp]].''
'''C++''' (pronounced "see plus plus") is a [[computer]] [[programming language]] based on [[C programming language|C]]. It was created for writing programs for many different purposes. In the 1990s, C++ became one of the most used programming languages in the world. Like C, C++ uses manual memory management (unlike most mainstream languages, where memory management is automatic), while the syntax usually used for it is different.
== C Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Camelus bactrianus-sil.svg|Black and white silhouette of Camelus bactrianus
File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg|# Proto-semitic Gimel, a theological invention.
File:Phoenician gimel.svg|Phoenician letter gimel
File:Greek Gamma 03.svg|Glyph shape found in ancient Greek epigraphy (Gamma).
File:Early Etruscan C.svg|Early Etruscan c
File:Phoenician gimel.svg|Phoenician letter gimel
File:Gamma uc lc.svg|Uppercase and lowercase Greek letter gamma, the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet. Times New Roman font.
File:EtruscanC-01.svg|Etruscan H
// We are now defining the main function; it is the function run when the program starts.
File:Old Latin G.svg|Old Latin letter G/C, created with Inkscape by using the PNG-Version as template.
</gallery>
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[[File:C cursiva.gif|thumb]]
'''C''' is the third ([[three|3rd]]) [[letter]] in the [[English language|English]] [[alphabet]] and [[ISO basic latin alphabet]].
== Meanings for C ==
* In [[temperature]], ''°C'' means "degrees [[Celsius]]".
* In [[music]], ''C'' is a [[Note (music)|note]] sometimes referred to as “Do”.
* In [[chemistry]], ''C'' is the atom of [[carbon]], as in '''C'''<sub>40</sub>[[H]]<sub>56</sub>.
* In [[physics]], ''c'' is the [[speed of light]], as in E=mc².
* In [[Roman numeral]]s, ''C'' means "one [[hundred]]" (100).
* There is a [[programming language]] called ''C'', see [[C programming language]].
* In [[electronics]], C is a type of [[battery]].
*C can also mean the [[copyright]] symbol
== Pronunciation ==
*The letter "C" is pronounced as /k/.We can also say the letter "C" as /s/.
*The letter "C"'s name in English is "ce" (said as /ˈsiː/).
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{{Latin script}}
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