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{{Infobox officeholder | name=James Madison

{{Infobox officeholder

| nationality=American

| name               = James Madison

| image=James Madison(cropped)(c).jpg

| nationality         = American

| order=4th [[President of the United States]]

| image               = James Madison(cropped)(c).jpg

| term_start=March 4, 1809

| term_end=March 4, 1817<!--Prior to the passage of the 20th Amendment, presidential terms ended at 23:59:59 on March 3. -->

| predecessor=[[Thomas Jefferson]]

| order               = 4th [[President of the United States]]

| successor=[[James Monroe]]

| term_start         = March 4, 1809

| office1=5th [[United States Secretary of State]]

| term_end           = March 4, 1817<!--Prior to the passage of the 20th Amendment, presidential terms ended at 23:59:59 on March 3. -->

| president1=[[Thomas Jefferson]]

| predecessor         = [[Thomas Jefferson]]

| term_start1=May 2, 1801

| successor           = [[James Monroe]]

| term_end1=March 3, 1809

| office1             = 5th [[United States Secretary of State]]

| predecessor1=[[John Marshall]]

| president1         = [[Thomas Jefferson]]

| successor1=[[Robert Smith (Cabinet member)|Robert Smith]]

| term_start1         = May 2, 1801

| office2=Member of the<br>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Virginia]]

| term_end1           = March 3, 1809

| term_start2=March 4, 1789

| predecessor1       = [[John Marshall]]

| term_end2=March 4, 1797

| successor1         = [[Robert Smith (Cabinet member)|Robert Smith]]

| predecessor2=Constituency established

| office2             = Member of the<br>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Virginia]]

| successor2=[[George Hancock (Virginia politician)|George Hancock]] (5th)<br>[[John Dawson (1762–1814)|John Dawson]] (15th)

| term_start2         = March 4, 1789

| constituency2={{ushr|VA|5|5th district}} (1789–1793)<br>{{ushr|VA|15|15th district}} (1793–1797)

| term_end2           = March 4, 1797

| office3=Delegate from [[Virginia]] {{nowrap|to the [[Congress of the Confederation]]}}

| predecessor2       = Constituency established

| term_start3=November 6, 1786

| successor2         = [[George Hancock (Virginia politician)|George Hancock]] (5th)<br>[[John Dawson (1762–1814)|John Dawson]] (15th)

| term_end3=October 30, 1787

| constituency2       = {{ushr|VA|5|5th district}} (1789–1793)<br>{{ushr|VA|15|15th district}} (1793–1797)

| predecessor3=Seat established

| office3             = Delegate from [[Virginia]] {{nowrap|to the [[Congress of the Confederation]]}}

| successor3=[[Cyrus Griffin]]

| term_start3         = November 6, 1786

| term_start4=March 1, 1781

| term_end3           = October 30, 1787

| term_end4=November 1, 1783

| predecessor3       = Seat established

| predecessor4=Seat established

| successor3         = [[Cyrus Griffin]]

| successor4=[[Thomas Jefferson]]

| term_start4         = March 1, 1781

| birth_date={{birth date|1751|3|16}}

| term_end4           = November 1, 1783

| birth_place=[[Port Conway]], [[Virginia]], [[United States|U.S.]]

| predecessor4       = Seat established

| death_date={{death date and age|1836|6|28|1751|3|16}}

| successor4         = [[Thomas Jefferson]]

| death_place=[[Montpelier, Virginia|Montpelier]], Virginia, U.S.

| birth_date         = {{birth date|1751|3|16}}

| spouse=[[Dolley Madison|Dolley Todd Madison]]

| birth_place         = [[Port Conway]], [[Virginia]], [[United States|U.S.]]

| height={{height|ft=5|in=4}}

| death_date         = {{death date and age|1836|6|28|1751|3|16}}

| party=[[United States Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]

| death_place         = [[Montpelier, Virginia|Montpelier]], Virginia, U.S.

| vicepresident={{plainlist|

| spouse             = [[Dolley Madison|Dolley Todd Madison]]

| height             = {{height|ft=5|in=4}}

| party               = [[United States Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]

| vicepresident       = {{plainlist|

* [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] (1809–12)

* [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] (1809–12)

* ''None'' (1812–1813)

* ''None'' (1812–1813)

* ''None'' (1814–1817)

* ''None'' (1814–1817)

}}

}}

 

| signature           = James Madison sig.svg

| signature=James Madison sig.svg

}}

}}

'''James Madison Jr.''' (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was the fourth [[president of the United States]]. He was also the most important author of the [[United States Constitution]] and a [[Slavery|slaveowner]] with a big [[plantation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spies-Gans|first=Paris Amanda|date=|title=James Madison|url=https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/james-madison|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-27|website=Princeton & Slavery|language=en|quote=In February 1801 Madison Sr. died, leaving Montpelier and more than one hundred slaves to James Madison, as his eldest son. The following week, Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States and appointed Madison as his Secretary of State. Madison managed Montpelier from afar, yet took no concrete steps toward freeing his slaves or changing the plantation system. Upon becoming the fourth President of the United States in 1809, Madison brought slaves to serve him in the White House. One of these slaves was ten-year-old Paul Jennings, whose memoir about White House life—A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison—was published in 1865.}}</ref> Madison was the shortest president, with a height of {{convert|5|ft| 4|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/people/james-madison.htm|title=James Madison|publisher=NPS.org|accessdate=November 4, 2013}}</ref>

'''James Madison Jr.''' (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was a [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and the fourth [[president of the United States]] from 1809 to 1817. He was also the most important author of the [[United States Constitution]] and a [[Slavery|slaveowner]] with a big [[plantation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spies-Gans|first=Marcelo Sanchez|date=|title=James Madison|url=https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/james-madison|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-27|website=Princeton & Slavery|language=en|quote=In February 1801 Madison Sr. died, leaving Montpelier and more than one hundred slaves to James Madison, as his eldest son. The following week, Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States and appointed Madison as his Secretary of State. Madison managed Montpelier from afar, yet took no concrete steps toward freeing his slaves or changing the plantation system. Upon becoming the fourth President of the United States in 1809, Madison brought slaves to serve him in the White House. One of these slaves was ten-year-old Paul Jennings, whose memoir about White House life—A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison—was published in 1865.}}</ref> Madison was the shortest president, with a height of {{convert|5|ft| 4|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/people/james-madison.htm|title=James Madison|publisher=NPS.org|accessdate=November 4, 2013}}</ref>

 

== Family ==

== Family ==

James Madison Jr. was the eldest son of Col. [[James Madison Sr.]] and Nellie Conway Madison.

James Madison Jr. was the eldest son of Col. [[James Madison Sr.]] and Nellie Conway Madison.

Madison married Dolley Todd (née Payne) on  April 18, 1794.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison {{!}} Biography, Founding Father, & Presidency|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

Madison married Dolley Todd (née Payne) on  April 18, 1794.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison {{!}} Biography, Founding Father, & Presidency|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

== Political life ==

== Political life ==

Madison started his career in the [[Virginia]] state legislature.  Madison learned many things from [[Thomas Jefferson]].  Madison wanted a stronger [[federal government of the United States]] than the [[Articles of Confederation]] provided. He was a member of the meeting that formed the current [[United States Constitution]].  Madison is called the "Father of the Constitution" because he helped write a large part of it and persuaded people that it was a good one.

Madison started his career in the [[Virginia]] state legislature.  Madison learned many things from [[Thomas Jefferson]].  Madison wanted a stronger [[federal government of the United States]] than the [[Articles of Confederation]] provided. He was a member of the meeting that formed the current [[United States Constitution]].  Madison is called the "Father of the Constitution" because he helped write a large part of it and persuaded people that it was a good one.

Madison and Jefferson were good friends and helped create the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] who wanted a weak federal government.

Madison and Jefferson were good friends and helped create the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] who wanted a weak federal government.

Madison was selected by Jefferson to be his [[Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editors|first=History com|title=James Madison|url=https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref>

Madison was selected by Jefferson to be his [[Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison|url=https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref>

 

== Presidency ==

== Presidency ==

Madison was selected by his political party to be the Democratic-Republican candidate for president in 1808.  He won that election and the next election in 1812.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-madison/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=The White House|language=en-US}}</ref>

Madison was selected by his political party to be the Democratic-Republican candidate for president in 1808.  He won that election and the next election in 1812.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-madison/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=The White House|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[War of 1812]] started while Madison was president. Madison still hoped for peace, but Congress wanted war so he gave in and approved a declaration of war against Britain on June 18, 1812. People who still wanted peace called it "Mr Madison's War". Madison and his family were forced to flee in 1814 when British forces seized control of Washington D.C and burned the White House, and many other buildings, to the ground. Dolley Madison, his wife, famously saved a portrait of [[George Washington]] from the fire.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editors|first=Biography com|title=James Madison|url=https://www.biography.com/us-president/james-madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref>

The [[War of 1812]] started while Madison was president. Madison still hoped for peace, but Congress wanted war so he gave in and approved a declaration of war against Britain on June 18, 1812. People who still wanted peace called it "Mr Madison's War". Madison and his family were forced to flee in 1814 when British forces seized control of Washington D.C and burned the White House, and many other buildings, to the ground. Dolley Madison, his wife, famously saved a portrait of [[George Washington]] from the fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison|url=https://www.biography.com/us-president/james-madison|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref>

The war caused Madison to want a stronger government than he had before. While he originally was against a [[national bank]], he realized that it was necessary and it was necessary for funding a war.  When the charter of the national bank expired, Madison renewed it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison - People - Department History - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/madison-james|access-date=2021-08-14|website=history.state.gov}}</ref>

The war caused Madison to want a stronger government than he had before. While he originally was against a [[national bank]], he realized that it was necessary and it was necessary for funding a war.  When the charter of the national bank expired, Madison renewed it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Madison - People - Department History - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/madison-james|access-date=2021-08-14|website=history.state.gov}}</ref>

== Later life ==

 

 

File:Foundation of the American Government by Henry Hintermeister.jpg|[[George Washington]] witnesses [[Gouverneur Morris]] sign the Constitution while Madison sits in front of [[Benjamin Franklin]] and next to [[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]] in [[John Henry Hintermeister]]'s 1925 painting, ''Foundation of the American Government''.{{sfn|Robinson|1999|p=117}}

 

 

File:Louisiana Purchase.png|The 1803 Louisiana Purchase totaled {{convert|827,987|lk=in|sqmi|km2|abbr=off|sp=us}}, doubling the size of the United States.

 

Madison retired to Virginia after his second term.  Madison died on June 28, 1836.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Father of the Constitution' James Madison Dies, 1836|url=https://newseumed.org/tools/artifact/father-constitution-james-madison-dies-1836|access-date=2021-08-14|website=NewseumED|language=en}}</ref>

File:ElectoralCollege1808.svg|Following Jefferson's presidency, Madison's 1808 electoral vote results

== References ==

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==

== Other websites ==

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jm4.html Madison's White House biography]

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jm4.html Madison's White House biography]

{{Madison cabinet}}

{{Madison cabinet}}

{{USSecState}}

{{USSecState}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madison, James}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madison, James}}

[[Category:1836 deaths]]

[[Category:1836 deaths]]

[[Category:Deaths from heart failure]]

[[Category:Deaths from heart failure]]

[[Category:James Madison| ]]

[[Category:James Madison| ]]

[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

[[Category:United States representatives from Virginia]]

[[Category:United States representatives from Virginia]]

[[Category:Founding Fathers of the United States]]

[[Category:Founding Fathers of the United States]]

[[Category:Democratic Republican party (US) politicians]]

[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party politicians]]

[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]

[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]

[[Category:18th-century American politicians]]

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[[Category:Slavers]]

[[Category:Slavers]]