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{{Infobox building

{{Infobox building

| name = The Eiffel Tower

| name = The Eiffel Tower

| native_name = ''La tour Eiffel''

| native_name = La tour Eiffel

| native_name_lang = fr

| native_name_lang = fr

| image =  

| image = {{CSS image crop

 

{{CSS image crop

|Image = Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons.jpg

|Image = Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons.jpg

|bSize = 200

|bSize = 200

|Location=center

|Location=center

}}

}}

| caption = Seen from the [[Champ de Mars]]

| caption = Seen from the [[Champ de Mars]]

| highest_start = 1889

| highest_start = 1889

| latd = 48.8583

| latd = 48.8583

| longd = 2.2945

| longd = 2.2945

-->

-->| coordinates = {{coord|48|51|29.6|N|2|17|40.2|E|region:FR-75|display=inline,title}}

| coordinates = {{coord|48|51|29.6|N|2|17|40.2|E|region:FR-75|display=inline,title}}

| mapframe-zoom = 16

| mapframe-zoom = 16

| start_date = 28 January 1887

| start_date = 28 January 1887

[[File:Tour Eiffel - 20150801 15h30 (10621).jpg|thumbnail]]

[[File:Tour Eiffel - 20150801 15h30 (10621).jpg|thumbnail]]

[[File:Eiffel Tower Drone 4k-Qx c1X3zfEc-313-251.webm|thumb|Eiffel Tower]]

[[File:Eiffel Tower Drone 4k-Qx c1X3zfEc-313-251.webm|thumb|Eiffel Tower]]

The '''Eiffel Tower''' ([[French language|French]]: La Tour Eiffel, [[Help:IPA/French|[tuʁ ɛfɛl]]], [[IPA|IPA pronunciation]]: "EYE-full" [[English language|English]]; "eh-FEHL" [[French language|French]]) is a landmark in [[Paris]]. It was built between [[1887]] and [[1889]] for the Exposition Universelle (World Fair). The Tower was the Exposition's main attraction.<ref>[[Eiffel Tower#cite note-10]]</ref>

The '''Eiffel Tower''' ([[French language|French]]: La Tour Eiffel, [[Help:IPA/French|[tuʁ ɛfɛl]]], [[IPA|IPA pronunciation]]: "EYE-full" [[English language|English]]; "eh-FEHL" [[French language|French]]) is a landmark in [[Paris]]. It was built between [[1887]] and [[1889]] for the Exposition Universelle (World Fair). It was supposed to be a temporary installation for the 1889 [[World's Fair|World Fair]], held at Paris to commemorate 100 years of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-02|title=World’s Fair - Official Eiffel Tower Website|url=https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/the-monument/universal-exhibition|access-date=|website=La Tour Eiffel|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1909, there were discussions regarding the potential dismantling of the Eiffel Tower. However, the decision to preserve this iconic structure was ultimately reached by city officials, who acknowledged its significance as a [[Radio telegraph|radiotelegraphy]] station.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pierre|date=2020-11-04|title=How the Eiffel Tower was saved from destruction|url=https://frenchmoments.eu/eiffel-tower-was-saved/|access-date=|website=French Moments|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Background ==

== Background ==

The Eiffel Tower cost 7,799,401.31 French gold francs to build in 1889, an amount equal to $1,495,139.89 at that time. Today, its cost would equal to $36,784,020.11. It took 2 years, 2 months and 5 days to build it. The tower is {{convert|300|m|abbr=in|lk=on|}} tall, but this height does not include the {{convert|24|m|abbr=in}} [[aerial]] (antenna) on the top; the total height of the structure is {{convert|324|m|abbr=in}}. It has a square base that is {{convert|125|m|abbr=in|}} long on each side. The second story platform is {{convert|115.5|m|ftin|abbr=in}} off {{convert|12000|gal|L|abbr=off|lk=on|order=flip}}, and the surface to be painted is {{convert|250000|m2|acre|abbr=off|lk=on}}. Since it has been built it has been repainted 18 times, each of these 18 paint jobs there were only 25 painters hired to do the job. Three separate colors of paint are used on the structure in order to [[Juliian dünn|enhance]] the impression of height, with the lightest at the top.

The Eiffel Tower cost 7,799,401.31 French gold francs to build in 1889, an amount equal to $1,495,139.89 at that time. Today, its cost would equal to $36,784,020.11. It took 2 years, 2 months and 5 days to build it. The tower is {{convert|300|m|abbr=in|lk=on|}} tall, but this height does not include the {{convert|24|m|abbr=in}} [[aerial]] (antenna) on the top; the total height of the structure is {{convert|324|m|abbr=in}}. It has a square base that is {{convert|125|m|abbr=in|}} long on each side. The second story platform is {{convert|115.5|m|ftin|abbr=in}} off {{convert|12000|gal|L|abbr=off|lk=on|order=flip}}, and the surface to be painted is {{convert|250000|m2|acre|abbr=off|lk=on}}. Since it has been built it has been repainted 18 times, each of these 18 paint jobs there were only 25 painters hired to do the job. Three separate colors of paint are used on the structure in order to [[Juliian dünn|enhance]] the impression of height, with the lightest at the top.

There are 20,000 sparkling lights and {{convert|80|km|abbr=in|lk=on}} of cables covering the structure. The paper used to print the visitors' tickets in one year weighs {{convert|2|t|lb|abbr=off}}. The top of the tower leans away from the sun as the metal facing the sun heats up and expands, it can move as much as {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip|lk=on}} and grow {{convert|6|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip}} taller.<ref>[[Eiffel Tower#cite note-12]]</ref> The tower was also built to sway slightly in the wind.

There are 20,000 sparkling lights and {{convert|80|km|abbr=in|lk=on}} of cables covering the structure. The paper used to print the visitors' tickets in one year weighs {{convert|2|t|lb|abbr=off}}. The top of the tower leans away from the sun as the metal facing the sun heats up and expands, it can move as much as {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip|lk=on}} and grow {{convert|6|in|cm|abbr=in|order=flip}} taller.<ref>[[Eiffel Tower#cite note-12]]</ref> The tower was also built to sway slightly in the wind.

== History ==

== History ==

The Eiffel Tower was built by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the 100th anniversary of the [[French Revolution]]. Even though Gustave Eiffel is credited for the Eiffel Tower it was actually two lesser known people who came up with the original drawing of it. These people were Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. These two men were the chief engineers of Eiffel’s engineering firm. The main architect was Stephen Sauvestre.

The Eiffel Tower was built by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the 100th anniversary of the [[French Revolution]]. Even though Gustave Eiffel is credited for the Eiffel Tower it was actually two lesser known people who came up with the original drawing of it. These people were Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. These two men were the chief engineers of Eiffel’s engineering firm. The main architect was Stephen Sauvestre.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-06-07|title=Eiffel Tower - Height, Timeline & Facts|url=https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/eiffel-tower|access-date=2023-09-22|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref>

Koechlin, Nouguier, Sauvestre, and Eiffel submitted the plans to compete for the spot on the champ de mars plot of land, to serve as the expositions entrance. It would also determine the 1889 [[World's Fair|world's fair]] centerpiece in Paris. There were 107 bids submitted to construct the Eiffel Tower. Fifty people worked on the design, and more than 100 built the parts. One hundred and thirty two workers assembled the parts on site.

Koechlin, Nouguier, Sauvestre, and Eiffel submitted the plans to compete for the spot on the champ de mars plot of land, to serve as the expositions entrance. It would also determine the 1889 [[World's Fair|world's fair]] centerpiece in Paris. There were 107 bids submitted to construct the Eiffel Tower. Fifty people worked on the design, and more than 100 built the parts. One hundred and thirty two workers assembled the parts on site.

The first digging for the foundations began on January 28, 1887, and all construction was concluded on March 31, 1889. When the tower was built, it was only meant to be kept for 20 years. People did not like the Eiffel Tower and wanted it taken down because they thought is was an ugly structure polluting the scenery of the Paris sky. After the 20 years, the tower became the [[property]] of Paris again.

The first digging for the foundations began on January 28, 1887, and all construction was concluded on March 31, 1889. When the tower was built, it was only meant to be kept for 20 years. People did not like the Eiffel Tower and wanted it taken down because they thought is was an ugly structure polluting the scenery of the Paris sky. After the 20 years, the tower became the [[property]] of Paris again.

By this time, the city had learned that the tower could be used to help with [[communication]]s. There was also a metrology lab that had been installed for studies on everything from gravity to electricity. The [[military]] used the tower as a wireless telegraph transmitter for communication during battle. The tower was used in the capture of the spy "[[Mata Hari]]" during [[World War I]] after a message was intercepted. Today, it is used to send radio and television signals to the capital city of Paris and beyond. After people learned about the many benefits the tower provided, no one wanted it to be taken apart.

By this time, the city had learned that the tower could be used to help with [[communication]]s. There was also a metrology lab that had been installed for studies on everything from gravity to electricity. The [[military]] used the tower as a wireless telegraph transmitter for communication during battle. The tower was used in the capture of the spy "[[Mata Hari]]" during [[World War I]] after a message was intercepted. Today, it is used to send radio and television signals to the capital city of Paris and beyond. After people learned about the many benefits the tower provided, no one wanted it to be taken apart.<ref name=":0" />

The Eiffel Tower joined the green energy movement by building two wind turbines on the second level. These wind turbines produce {{convert|10000|kW/h|HP/h|abbr=off|lk=on}} of electricity.

The Eiffel Tower joined the green energy movement by building two wind turbines on the second level. These wind turbines produce {{convert|10000|kW/h|HP/h|abbr=off|lk=on}} of electricity.

File:Maurice koechlin pylone.jpg|First drawing of the Eiffel Tower by Maurice Koechlin including size comparison with other Parisian landmarks such as [[Notre Dame de Paris]], the [[Île aux Cygnes#Statue of Liberty replica|Statue of Liberty]], and the [[Vendôme Column]]

File:Maurice koechlin pylone.jpg|First drawing of the Eiffel Tower by Maurice Koechlin including size comparison with other Parisian landmarks such as [[Notre Dame de Paris]], the [[Île aux Cygnes#Statue of Liberty replica|Statue of Liberty]], and the [[Vendôme Column]]

File:Caricature Gustave Eiffel.png|Caricature of Gustave Eiffel comparing the Eiffel tower to the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]], published in ''[[Le Temps (Paris)|Le Temps]]'', 14 February 1887.

File:Caricature Gustave Eiffel.png|Caricature of Gustave Eiffel comparing the Eiffel tower to the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]], published in ''[[Le Temps (Paris)|Le Temps]]'', 14 February 1887

File:Guillaume Apollinaire Calligramme.JPG|A [[calligram]] by [[Guillaume Apollinaire]]

File:Guillaume Apollinaire Calligramme.JPG|A [[calligram]] by [[Guillaume Apollinaire]]