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'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the second millennium BCE.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the third millennium.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a '[[lingua franca|normal language]]'. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to talk, but they may not be able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts.

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a [[lingua franca]]. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts.

== History ==

== History ==

In the 11th century AD, the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] ruled over [[Punjab]], the region characterized by five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

In the 11th century AD, the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] ruled over [[Punjab]], the region characterized by five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

In the past, the Punjab was a land east of the Indus River.<ref>Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu. "East of Indus: My memories of old Punjab." (2007).</ref>

Also known as ''Hind'', the Punjab was a land east on the Indus River.<ref>Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu. "East of Indus: My memories of old Punjab." (2007).</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian and Punjabi, originally spoken by the Punjabi people, were merged.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian and the language of the natives of the region, were merged.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the east of India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the east of India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

It started in Delhi and spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

Native poets from these cities and the surrounding areas helped improve it by adding many Persian and [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] words to it. They added [[Arabic language|Arabic]] words to Urdu that already existed in Persian.

Native poets from these cities and the surrounding areas helped improve it by adding many Persian and [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] words to it. They added [[Arabic language|Arabic]] words in the language that already existed from Persian.

During the [[Delhi Sultanate]], the Urdu language continued to change.

During the [[Delhi Sultanate]], the language continued to change.

The '[[Mughal Empire]]' was a distinct Muslim empire of [[Turkic]] origin, with primary language Chagatai and secondary language Persian. But they did not have any signs that they were from Iran or the Persian region.  

The '[[Mughal Empire]]' was a distinct Muslim empire of [[Turkic]] origin, with primary language Chagatai and secondary language Persian. But they did not have any signs that they were from Iran or the Persian region.  

It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

Urdu is a language of the Mughals, and is classified within the Eastern Turkic subfamily. It originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was related to the [[Turkish language|Turks]] because they were all part of the same Turkic family, unlike [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] languages.

The name "urdu" originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was related to the [[Turkish language|Turks]] because they were all part of the same Turkic family, unlike [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] languages.

In its own indigenous translation, Urdu was a ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

In its own indigenous translation, it was a ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]" due to is usage in India or Hindustan, a region situated near the Indus River. The court proceedings were continuing in Urdu.

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]" Hindustan, a name associated with the Indus River. The court proceedings were continuing in the language.

It was adopted as a first language by many people in [[North India]].

It eventually became the first language of many people in [[North India]].

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

Iqbal is considered by many an inspirational poet. He played a large role in the [[Pakistan Movement]], with many claiming that he was the one to imagine and initiate it.

Iqbal is considered by many an inspirational poet. He played a large role in the [[Pakistan Movement]], with many claiming that he was the one to imagine and initiate it.

== Common Words/Phrases in Urdu ==

== Common Words/Phrases in Urdu ==

Formal Urdu:

Formal Urdu:

Aap kaisay hein? = How are you?

Aap kaisay hein? = How are you?

Main theek hun = I am fine

Main sahein hun = I am fine

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)