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[[File:Zar Wali Khan's Voice.ogg|thumb|Spoken Urdu]]

[[File:Zar Wali Khan's Voice.ogg|thumb|Spoken Urdu]]

[[File:WIKITONGUES- Scarlett speaking Urdu.webm|thumb|WIKITONGUES-Scarlett speaking Urdu]]

[[File:WIKITONGUES- Scarlett speaking Urdu.webm|thumb|WIKITONGUES-Scarlett speaking Urdu]]

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language]] in India. It is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], meaning it descends from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the third millennia [[BC]].<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لشکری ‍زبان)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the third millennium.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

It is spoken as a [[lingua franca]] by most people in [[Pakistan]]. It is also spoken in some parts of [[India]] like the states of [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. With some exceptions words are similar to spoken Hindi. When written, it is written completely different from [[Hindi]]. That is why speakers of Hindi and Urdu can have a [[conversation]] with one another, but may not be able to read or write one of these two scripts.

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a '[[lingua franca|normal language]]'. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to talk, but they may not be able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts.

== History ==

== History ==

The [[Ghaznavid Empire]] entered the subcontinent in the 11th century AD and ruled over [[Punjab]], the land of five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

In the 11th century AD, the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] ruled over [[Punjab]], the region characterized by five rivers.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</ref>

Punjab was also known as "Hind" or the land east of the Indus.<ref>Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu. "East of Indus: My memories of old Punjab." (2007).</ref>

In the past, the Punjab was a land east of the Indus River.<ref>Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu. "East of Indus: My memories of old Punjab." (2007).</ref>

The Ghaznavids, although racially [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]], spoke [[Persian language|Persian]] as their main language. When conquering [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'' with [[Lahore]] as its capital, they came into contact with the local population who spoke an Indo-Aryan language which began to adopt Persian words into their language. This local language was also the ancestor of modern standard [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

The contacts between Persian and the native language of Punjab began to form a new language and that became known as 'Lashkari Zaban' or language of the battalions.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian and Punjabi, originally spoken by the Punjabi people, were merged.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

This new language also known as Hindavi became the common language of the locals and the ruling Ghaznavids in the region. By the twelfth century AD, the Ghaznavids pushed further east into the subcontinent and brought this language to [[Delhi]] where it became influenced by the local language, Khariboli.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the east of India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

From Delhi it spread across much of the northern subcontinent and became the common language of communication. It continued to be influenced by Khariboli and spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]] Daccan. It was also given new names and titles through the centuries.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

It started in Delhi and spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

Native poets in these cities and most of the region contributed to its development and added many Persian and [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] words to it. They also indirectly added [[Arabic language|Arabic]] words which Persian already contained.

Native poets from these cities and the surrounding areas helped improve it by adding many Persian and [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] words to it. They added [[Arabic language|Arabic]] words to Urdu that already existed in Persian.

It continued to evolve during the [[Delhi Sultanate]] under the influence of Khariboli.

During the [[Delhi Sultanate]], the Urdu language continued to change.

The [[Mughal Empire]] was another Muslim Empire of [[Turkic]] origin and spoke Chagatai natively and Persian as their other language, although they were not ethnically Persian or racially Iranic.

The '[[Mughal Empire]]' was a distinct Muslim empire of [[Turkic]] origin, with primary language Chagatai and secondary language Persian. But they did not have any signs that they were from Iran or the Persian region.  

During this time the language commonly became known as the ''Zaban-i-Ordu'' or language of the Royal Camp.

At that time, the royal camps' dialect was known as ''Zaban-i-Ordu''.

By the very late eighteenth century AD, the poet Ghulam Mashafi is believed to have given it the name "Urdu" which was shortened from "Zaban-i-Urdu."<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

The word is from Chagatai, the native language of the Mughals and belonged to the Eastern Turkic subfamily of languages. Chagatai was closely related to today's [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] and distantly related to today's [[Turkish language|Turkish]] because all of them belonged to the same Turkic family of languages.

Urdu is a language of the Mughals, and is classified within the Eastern Turkic subfamily. It originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was related to the [[Turkish language|Turks]] because they were all part of the same Turkic family, unlike [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] languages.

In its own indigenous translation it was ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

In its own indigenous translation, Urdu was a ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

Also during the Mughal Empire, what commonly became known as Urdu was a court language in a number of major South Asian cities, including Delhi, Amristsar, Lucknow and Lahore.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/>

By the time of the [[British Empire]], it also became known as "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]" or the language of Hindustan, the land of the Indus. It continued to serve as a court language in the same cities.

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]" due to is usage in India or Hindustan, a region situated near the Indus River. The court proceedings were continuing in Urdu.

It was adopted as a first language by many people in [[North India]].

It was adopted as a first language by many people in [[North India]].

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

In India it became the national language but went by the name Hindi and was written in the Devanagari script. It also used a lesser amount of Arabic, Persian and Chagatai words and instead [[Sanskrit]] words were adopted in their place.

In India, it became the national language but went by the name Hindi and was written in the Devanagari script. It also used a lesser amount of Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai words and instead, [[Sanskrit]] words were adopted in their place.

Today it is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan in terms of total speakers and a registered language in 22 Indian states.

Today, it is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan in terms of total speakers and a registered language in 22 Indian states.

== Relations to Persian ==

== Relations to Persian ==

== Differences ==

== Differences ==

The letters in Urdu are derived from the Persian/Farsi alphabet, which is derived from the Arabic alphabet. The additional letters that are found in Urdu include ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). To make the alphabet more enriched two letters were created for sounds ه (h) and ی (y). By adding these letters to the existing Persian letters the Urdu alphabet became more suitable for the people of [[Pakistan]] and for some people of North India who primarily use nastaliq script. Both are also Indo-Iranic languages descending from Proto-Indo-Iranic, but deriving from separate subbranches, Iranic and Indo-Aryan respectively.{{fact|date=November 2021}}

The letters in Urdu are derived from the Persian/Farsi alphabet, which is derived from the Arabic alphabet. The additional letters that are found in Urdu include ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). To make the alphabet more enriched, two letters were created for the sounds ه (h) and ی (y). By adding these letters to the existing Persian letters, the Urdu alphabet became more suitable for the people of [[Pakistan]] and for some people of North India, who primarily use nastaliq script. Both are also Indo-Iranic languages descending from Proto-Indo-Iranic, but deriving from separate subbranches, Iranic and Indo-Aryan respectively.{{fact|date=November 2021}}

== Similarities ==

== Similarities ==

Urdu is written right to left like Farsi (Persian) script. Urdu is also written in the Nasta’ liq style of Persian Calligraphy. Nastaliq style is a cursive script invented by Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz, a very famous calligrapher during the Timurid period (1402–1502). Both belong to the Indo-Iranic language subfamily.{{fact|date=November 2021}}

Urdu is written right to left like Farsi (Persian) script. Urdu is also written in the Nasta’ liq style of Persian Calligraphy. Nastaliq style is a cursive script invented by Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz, a very famous calligrapher during the Timurid period (1402–1502). Both belong to the Indo-Iranic language subfamily.{{fact|date=November 2021}}

In local translation, it is called ''Lashkari Zabān'' ({{Nastaliq|لشکری زبان}} [{{IPA|lʌʃkɜ:i: zɑ:bɑ:n}}])<ref>Khan, Sajjad, Waqas Anwar, Usama Bajwa, and Xuan Wang. "Template Based Affix Stemmer for a Morphologically Rich Language." International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) 12, no. 2 (2015).</ref> meaning "language of [[battalion]]s" or "battalion language." This can be shortened to ''Lashkari''.

In local translation, it is called ''Lashkari Zabān'' ({{Nastaliq|لشکری زبان}} [{{IPA|lʌʃkɜ:i: zɑ:bɑ:n}}])<ref>Khan, Sajjad, Waqas Anwar, Usama Bajwa, and Xuan Wang. "Template Based Affix Stemmer for a Morphologically Rich Language." International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) 12, no. 2 (2015).</ref> meaning "language of [[battalion]]s" or "battalion language." This can be shortened to ''Lashkari''.

The [[etymology]] of the word used in the Urdu language for the most part [[decides|decides]] how nice or well done your speech is. For example, Urdu speakers would distinguish between پانی ''pānī'' and آب ''āb'', both meaning "water" for example, or between آدمی  ''ādmi'' and مرد ''mard'', meaning "man." The first word is ad derivative from Adam (آدم) Arabic mean from Adam and it can be used for both man and woman in place of human being. Second word مرد ''mard''  refers to a gender or can be used for manly hood as well.

The [[etymology]] of the word used in the Urdu language, for the most part, [[decides|decides]] how nice or well done your speech is. For example, Urdu speakers would distinguish between پانی ''pānī'' and آب ''āb'', both meaning "water" for example, or between آدمی  ''ādmi'' and مرد ''mard'', meaning "man." The first word is ad derivative from Adam (آدم) Arabic means from Adam, and it can be used for both man and woman in place of human being. The second word مرد ''mard''  refers to a gender or can be used for manly hood as well.

If a word is of [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]] origin, the level of speech is thought to be more formal. If [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]] grammar [[constructs|constructs]], such as the izafat, are used in Urdu, the level of speech is also thought more formal and correct. If a word is inherited from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], the level of speech is thought more colloquial and personal.<ref name="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">{{cite web|url = http://www.unc.edu/| title = About Urdu| publisher = Afroz Taj (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)|accessdate = 2008-02-26}}</ref>

If a word is of [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]] origin, the level of speech is thought to be more formal. If [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]] grammar [[constructs|constructs]], such as the izafat, are used in Urdu, the level of speech is also thought more formal and correct. If a word is inherited from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], the level of speech is thought more colloquial and personal.<ref name="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">{{cite web|url = http://www.unc.edu/| title = About Urdu| publisher = Afroz Taj (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)|accessdate = 2008-02-26}}</ref>

== Formal ==

== Formal ==

Urdu is supposed to be a well formed language; many of words are used in it to show respect and politeness. This [[emphasis|emphasis]] on politeness, which comes from the vocabulary, is known as '''Aadab ( Courteous )''' and to sometimes as '''takalluf (Formal)''' in Urdu. These words are mostly used when addressing elders, or people with whom one is not met yet. Just like ''French '''Vous''' and '''Tu'''. Upon studying French and other forms of Language similar formal language construct are present. The whole grammatical layout appears to be almost identical to French language structure. The rules to form sentences and structuring them are identical''{{fact|date=November 2021}}

Urdu is supposed to be a well-formed language; many of words are used in it to show respect and politeness. This [[emphasis|emphasis]] on politeness, which comes from the vocabulary, is known as '''Aadab (Courteous)''' and to sometimes as '''takalluf (Formal)''' in Urdu. These words are mostly used when addressing elders, or people with whom one is not met yet. Just like ''French '''Vous''' and '''Tu'''. Upon studying French and other forms of Language, similar formal language constructs are present. The whole grammatical layout appears to be almost identical to French language structure. The rules for forming sentences and structuring them are identical''{{fact|date=November 2021}}

== Poetics ==

== Poetics ==

[[File:Mushafi-ghulam-hamdani.png|thumb|250px|Ghulam Hamdani Mushafi, the poet first believed to have coined the name "''Urdu''" for the language around 1780 AD. Before that this language went by different names.<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011"/>]]

[[File:Mushafi-ghulam-hamdani.png|thumb|250px|Ghulam Hamdani Mushafi, the poet first believed to have coined the name "''Urdu''" for the language around 1780 AD. Before that, this language went by different names.<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011"/>]]

Two very respected poets who are not only celebrated in the South Asian subcontinent but are famous in many other communities worldwide are Mirza Ghalib and Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal. 

Two well-respected poets who are not only celebrated in the South Asian subcontinent, but are famous in many other communities worldwide are Mirza Ghalib and Sir Dr. Muhammed Iqbal. 

== Mirza Ghalib ==

== Mirza Ghalib ==

{{further|Mirza Ghalib}}

{{further|Mirza Ghalib}}

Ghalib (1797-1869) is famous for his classic satire and sarcasm as seen in the following verse;

Ghalib (1797-1869) is well-known for his classic satire and sarcasm, as seen in the following verse;

(Latin/Roma alphabet):

(Latin/Roma alphabet):

== Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal ==

== Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal ==

{{further|Muhammed Iqbal}}

{{further|Muhammed Iqbal}}

Iqbal (1877-1938) was a poet, and an active politician. He focused his poetry on bringing out the plight of the suffering Muslim community of [[British India]]. In his poetry he very boldly highlighted the missing virtues and values in the morally corrupt Indian society. Despite much opposition in the beginning, he ended up leaving a huge impact. He is also called the “Poet of the East” and the “Poet of Islam”. His work is displayed in the following verse;

Iqbal (1877-1938) was a poet, and an active politician. He focused his poetry on bringing out the plight of the suffering Muslim community of [[British India]]. In his poetry, he very boldly highlighted the missing virtues and values in the morally corrupt Indian society. Despite much opposition in the beginning, he ended up leaving a considerable impact. He is also called the “Poet of the East” and the “Poet of Islam”. His work is displayed in the following verse;

(Latin/Roma Alphabet):     

(Latin/Roma Alphabet):     

(translation):

(translation):

''I could not keep happy either my loved ones nor the strangers,''

''I could not keep happy either my loved ones or the strangers,''

''as I could never call a piece of poison a piece of candy.''  

''as I could never call a piece of poison a piece of candy.''  

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)

== Urdu vs Hindi--What's the difference? ==

== Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference? ==

Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-22|title=Yes, Hindi and Urdu are the same language|url=http://www.oxirsoc.com/blog-articles/2017/2/22/yes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Oxford IRSoc|language=en-GB}}</ref> Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urdu - Worldwide distribution|url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/urdu.php|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Worlddata.info|language=en}}</ref> Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].

Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-22|title=Yes, Hindi and Urdu are the same language|url=http://www.oxirsoc.com/blog-articles/2017/2/22/yes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Oxford IRSoc|language=en-GB}}</ref> Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urdu - Worldwide distribution|url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/urdu.php|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Worlddata.info|language=en}}</ref> Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].

[[Hindi]], also historically known as '''''Hindui''''' ('''हिंदुई'''),<ref>Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041</ref> is the most spoken language of India which replaces much of Urdu's Farsi, Chagatai and Arabic terminology with [[Sanskrit]] derived vocabulary. They are grammatically the same. Everyday words are often shared between the two registers, while formal vocabulary can differ significantly. Urdu and Hindi speakers are able to understand each other with little to no difficulty, largely from using shared, or English vocabulary, rather than using highly Arabized or Sanskritized vocabulary. Hindi speakers are more likely to use words of Arabic/Persian origin (Kitaab, Dil, Mahobbat), than Urdu speakers are to use words of Sanskrit origin (Pustak, Man, Prem), as Urdu-speaking Pakistani's have less exposure to Hindi, than Hindi-speaking Indians do to Urdu. This can be seen in Bollywoods extensive use of the Urdu register,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title=Is Urdu losing its charm in Bollywood films?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/is-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> and India being a nation where both registers are natively spoken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashmi|first=Rasia|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2023-06-30|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Hindi]], also historically known as '''''Hindui''''' ('''हिंदुई'''),<ref>Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041</ref> is the most spoken language of India, which replaces much of Urdu's Farsi, Chagatai and Arabic terminology with [[Sanskrit]] derived vocabulary. They are grammatically the same. Everyday words are often shared between the two registers, while formal vocabulary can differ significantly. Urdu and Hindi speakers can understand each other with little to no difficulty, largely from using shared, or English vocabulary, rather than using highly Arabized or Sanskritized vocabulary. Hindi speakers are more likely to use words of Arabic/Persian origin (Kitaab, Dil, Mahobbat), than Urdu speakers are to use words of Sanskrit origin (Pustak, Man, Prem), as Urdu-speaking Pakistani's have less exposure to Hindi, than Hindi-speaking Indians do to Urdu. This can be seen in Bollywoods extensive use of the Urdu register,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title=Is Urdu losing its charm in Bollywood films?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/is-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> and India being a nation where both registers are natively spoken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashmi|first=Rasia|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2023-06-30|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>

<u>Example</u>

<u>Example</u>