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== End of the war ==

== End of the war ==

The War lasted for seven years and 11 months (from September 2, 1980, to August 20, 1988, and successively experienced four strategic stages: Iraq's attack, Iran's counter-attack, Iran-Iraq stalemate, and Iraq's counter-attack.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=杨|first=明星|year=2005|title=试论两伊战争及其遗产|url=http://www.mesi.shisu.edu.cn/_upload/article/be/73/969596f7455489649c7c9698b639/c98a595c-ed2b-4353-b358-21f9b06503fe.pdf|journal=阿拉伯世界|volume=97|pages=49–52}}</ref> The two sides were inflexible and demanding too high a price for a [[ceasefire]]. And Iran planned to use up the entire country's resources to participate in there, their insistence on playing the long encouraged by its vast population and [[religious fanaticism]].

The War lasted for seven years and 11 months (from September 2, 1980, to August 20, 1988), and successively experienced four strategic stages: Iraq's attack, Iran's counter-attack, Iran-Iraq stalemate, and Iraq's counter-attack.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=杨|first=明星|year=2005|title=试论两伊战争及其遗产|url=http://www.mesi.shisu.edu.cn/_upload/article/be/73/969596f7455489649c7c9698b639/c98a595c-ed2b-4353-b358-21f9b06503fe.pdf|journal=阿拉伯世界|volume=97|pages=49–52}}</ref> The two sides were inflexible and demanding too high a price for a [[ceasefire]]. And Iran planned to use up the entire country's resources to participate in there, their insistence on playing the long encouraged by its vast population and [[religious fanaticism]].

The Iran–Iraq War was one of the longest wars of the 20th century. It was a veritable [[war of attrition]], a [[Pyrrhic War|pyrrhic war]] with no victor. Before the war, Iraq had foreign exchange reserves of us $37 billion. At the end of the war, its foreign debt was over US$70 billion, of which over US$40 billion was arms debt owed to western countries and the Soviet Union, and the ver US$30 billion was loans owed to other Arab countries.

The Iran–Iraq War was one of the longest wars of the 20th century. It was a veritable [[war of attrition]], a [[Pyrrhic War|pyrrhic war]] with no victor. Before the war, Iraq had foreign exchange reserves of us $37 billion. At the end of the war, its foreign debt was over US$70 billion, of which over US$40 billion was arms debt owed to western countries and the Soviet Union, and the ver US$30 billion was loans owed to other Arab countries.

== References ==

== References ==

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