941,697
edits
Changes
mLine 1:
Line 1: − + − + − + Line 14:
Line 14: − + − + − <br />[[Somalilander]]+ Line 42:
Line 42: − + − + Line 51:
Line 51: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 72:
Line 72: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − <ref>Hoehne, Markus Virgil. "The rupture of territoriality and the diminishing relevance of cross‐cutting ties in Somalia after 1990." Development and Change 47.6 (2016): 1379-1411.</ref>+ − The area used to be the Somaliland area which was part of the British empire along with [[Jubaland]], which was called [[Trans-juba]]. It was called the British Somaliland Coast Protectorate before 26 June 1960. called the "Somaliland Republic".<ref name=PDF>{{cite web |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |title=THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND |date=31 May 2001 |publisher=International relations and security network |accessdate=23 December 2010 |archive-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110751/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In May of [[1991]], after a war, Somaliland regained independence. + − − Line 100:
Line 98: − + − + Line 113:
Line 111: − − File:Abyssynia in 1896.png|British Somaliland in 1896 + + − + − − <ref name="2009factbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/|title=Somalia|access-date=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> − − − + +
KS update 1.3
{{distinguish|Somalia}}
{{distinguish|Somalia}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Somaliland
| conventional_long_name = Somaliland Protectorate
| common_name = Somaliland
| common_name = Somaliland
| native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland}}<ref name="BM44f">{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading|title=Somaliland Constitution|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}</ref><ref name="5l9Of">''[[Somaliland Official Gazette]]'' [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420033000/http://somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf |date=20 April 2016}}</ref><br />{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|<big>جمهورية أرض الصومال</big>}}|italic=no}}<br />{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''}}}}
| native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland}}<ref name="BM44f">{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading|title=Somaliland Constitution|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}</ref><ref name="5l9Of">''[[Somaliland Official Gazette]]'' [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420033000/http://somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf |date=20 April 2016}}</ref><br />{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|<big>جمهورية أرض الصومال</big>}}|italic=no}}<br />{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Somaliland.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg
| image_coat = Emblem of Somaliland.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg
| symbol_type = National emblem
| symbol_type = National emblem
| national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|[[Six Kalimas|<big>لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</big>]]}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāh''<br />{{small|"[[Shahada|There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God]]"}}
| national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|[[Six Kalimas|<big>لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</big>]]}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāh''<br />{{small|"[[Shahada|There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God]]"}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|9|33|N|44|03|E|type:city}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|9|33|N|44|03|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| official_languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Somali language|somali]]
| languages_type = Second language
| languages_type = Second language
| languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]],<ref name="Y0P0l">{{cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/body_somaliland_constitution.htm|title=Somaliland Constitution|last=website|first=Somallilandlaw.com – an independent non-for-profit|website=www.somalilandlaw.com|access-date=2017-07-02}}</ref> [[English language|English]]
| languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]],<ref name="Y0P0l">{{cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/body_somaliland_constitution.htm|title=Somaliland Constitution|last=website|first=Somallilandlaw.com – an independent non-for-profit|website=www.somalilandlaw.com|access-date=2017-07-02}}</ref> [[English language|English]]
| demonym = [[#Demographics|Somali]];<ref name="2009factbook" /><ref name="Pdllwcpaz">Paul Dickson, ''Labels for locals: what to call people from Abilene to Zimbabwe'', (Merriam-Webster: 1997), p.175.</ref>
| languages2_type = Arabic
| demonym = [[Somalilander]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Somaliland|President]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Somaliland|President]]
| established_date4 = 1884
| established_date4 = 1884
| established_event5 = Independence of the [[State of Somaliland]]
| established_event5 = Independence of the [[State of Somaliland]]
| established_date5 = 26 June 1960
| established_date5 = 26 June 1960
| established_event6 = [[Somali Republic|Union]] with the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]]
| established_event6 = [[Somali Republic|Union]] with the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]]
| established_date6 = 1 July 1960
| established_date6 = 1 July 1960
| established_event7 = [[Somaliland Declaration of Independence|Declaration of independence]]
| established_event7 = [[Somaliland Declaration of Independence|Declaration of independence]]
| established_date7 = 18 May 1991
| established_date7 = 18 May 1991
| percent_water =
| percent_water =
| population_estimate = 5.7 million<ref name="auto2"/>
| population_estimate = 5.7 million<ref name="auto2"/>
| population_census =
| population_census =
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 113th
| population_estimate_rank = 113th
| population_census_year =
| population_census_year =
| population_density_km2 = 28.27<ref name="auto2"/>
| population_density_km2 = 28.27<ref name="auto2"/>
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_rank =
| population_density_rank =
| GDP_PPP = $2.5 billion<ref name="2vjSE">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=The Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey 2020|url=|journal=Central Statistics Department, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Somaliland Government |volume=|page= 35|via=}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP = $2.5 billion<ref name="2vjSE">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=The Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey 2020|url=|journal=Central Statistics Department, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Somaliland Government |volume=|page= 35|via=}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $675<ref name="auto2"/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $675<ref name="auto2"/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| HDI =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| HDI_year =
| HDI_rank =
| HDI_rank =
| currency = [[Somaliland shilling]]
| currency = [[Somaliland shilling]]
| time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| drives_on = right
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[+252]] <small>(Somalia)</small>
| calling_code = [[+252]] <small>(Somalia)</small>
| iso3166code =
| iso3166code =
| cctld =
| cctld =
| HDI_category =
| HDI_category =
| area_rank =
| area_rank =
| today =
| today =
| ethnic_groups= 99% [[Somalis|Somali]]:
| ethnic_groups = 20% somali
*80% [[Isaaq]]
*80% Isaaq
*20% [[#Demographics|Other]]
*20% [[#Demographics|Other]]
| ethnic_groups_year= 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-01|title=A look at Somaliland between clan politics, regional turmoil and November elections|url=https://newint.org/columns/country/2017/10/01/somaliland|access-date=2021-07-12|website=New Internationalist|language=en}}</ref>
| ethnic_groups_year = 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-01|title=A look at Somaliland between clan politics, regional turmoil and November elections|url=https://newint.org/columns/country/2017/10/01/somaliland|access-date=2021-07-12|website=New Internationalist|language=en}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Somaliland''' ({{lang-so|Somaliland}}; {{lang-ar|صوماليلاند}} ''{{transl|ar|Ṣūmālīlānd}}'', {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), officially the '''Republic of Somaliland''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية صوماليلاند}} is a territory that covers the former [[protectorate]] [[British Somaliland]]. De facto, .Somaliland It is next to [[Djibouti]] to the west, the [[Federal Republic of Ethiopia]] to the south and [[Somalia]] to the east.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland Official Website|url=http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|accessdate=23 December 2010|publisher=somalilandgov.com|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114057/http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''Somaliland''' ({{lang-so|Somaliland}}; {{lang-ar|صوماليلاند}} ''{{transl|ar|Ṣūmālīlānd}}'', {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), officially the '''Somaliland Protectorate''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية صوماليلاند}}) is a de facto country that used to be the former [[protectorate]] of [[British Somaliland]]. [[Djibouti]] lies to the west of Somaliland, the [[Federal Republic of Ethiopia]] lies to the south and west and [[Somalia]] lies to the east and south.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland Official Website|url=http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|accessdate=23 December 2010|publisher=somalilandgov.com|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114057/http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hoehne, Markus Virgil. "The rupture of territoriality and the diminishing relevance of cross‐cutting ties in Somalia after 1990." Development and Change 47.6 (2016): 1379-1411.</ref>
The area used to be the Somaliland protectorate, which was part of the British empire along with [[Jubaland]], once called [[Trans-juba]]. The British granted its independence on 26 June 1960 upon which it called the "Somaliland Republic".<ref name="PDF">{{cite web |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |title=THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND |date=31 May 2001 |publisher=International relations and security network |accessdate=23 December 2010 |archive-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110751/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly after, the leaders of Somaliland and Somalia agreed to form a unified state. In May of 1991, after a brutal war waged by the government of [[Siad Barre]], Somaliland proclaimed and regained its independence.
Currently, Somaliland's [[international|international]] position fulfills the requirements to be considered an independent country<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html?scp=1&sq=The%20Signs%20Say%20Somaliland,%20but%20the%20World%20Says%20Somalia&st=cse |title=The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia |last=Lacey |first=Marc |date=5 June 2006 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=25 December 2010}}</ref> according to the [[Montevideo Convention]]. The government of Somalia, however, still considers Somaliland to be a part of Somalia.
Currently, Somaliland [[international|international]] organization views Somaliland as an independent country.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html?scp=1&sq=The%20Signs%20Say%20Somaliland,%20but%20the%20World%20Says%20Somalia&st=cse |title=The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia |last=Lacey |first=Marc |date=5 June 2006 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=25 December 2010}}</ref> Instead, they see Somaliland as a part of Somalia.
Somaliland has a republican government with free elections. The capital is [[Hargeisa]]. Berbera is a beautiful city on the coast. About 55% of the people of Somalilands are [[nomads]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Country – Somaliland Official Government Website|url=https://somalilandgov.com/country-profile/|access-date=2020-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Most Somalis are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslims]]. Some people are part of [[Sufism|Sufi]] orders.
Somaliland has a republican government with free elections. The capital is [[Hargeisa]]. Berbera is a beautiful city on the coast. About 55% of the people of Somalilands are [[nomads]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Country – Somaliland Official Government Website|url=https://somalilandgov.com/country-profile/|access-date=2020-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Most Somalis are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslims]]. Some people are part of [[Sufism|Sufi]] orders.
The main Somali [[dialect]] is Standard Somali. Standard Somali is spoken in most of Somalia and in countries that are next to it. Standard Somali is used by almost all of the media in the Somaliland region.
The main Somali [[dialect]] is Standard Somali. Standard Somali is spoken in most of Somalia and in countries that are next to it. Standard Somali is used by almost all of the media in the Somaliland region.
== Religion ==
== Religion ==
Almost all Somalilanders are [[Muslim]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm |title=Background Note: Somalia |publisher=U.S Department of State |accessdate=23 December 2010}}</ref> This is because [[Islam]] is the state religion, and practicing a religion other than Islam is against the law.<ref name=PDF /> Small amounts of non-Islamic [[tradition|tradition]]s exist in Somaliland, but Islam is very important to the Somali sense of national identity.
Almost all Somalilanders are [[Muslim]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm |title=Background Note: Somalia |publisher=U.S Department of State |accessdate=23 December 2010}}</ref> This is because [[Islam]] is the state religion, and promoting a religion other than Islam is against the law.<ref name=PDF /> Small amounts of non-Islamic [[tradition|tradition]]s exist in Somaliland, but Islam is very important to the Somali sense of national identity.
== Somaliland Media ==
== Somaliland Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova (1895) (18411100885).jpg|Map of Somaliland in the [[19th century]]
File:Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova (1895) (18411100885).jpg|Map of Somaliland in the 19th century
File:Dhaymoole Rock art in Somaliland.jpg|[[Wild animals]] depicted in the caves of [[Dhaymoole]], many of which have gone extinct in the region
File:Dhaymoole Rock art in Somaliland.jpg|[[Wild animals]] depicted in the caves of [[Dhaymoole]], many of which have gone extinct in the region
File:Corriere Della Sera - 17 agosto 1940 - Offensiva in Africa - titolo.JPG|{{centre|The Italian newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' covering the start of the [[British Somaliland]] offensive}}
File:Corriere Della Sera - 17 agosto 1940 - Offensiva in Africa - titolo.JPG|{{centre|The Italian newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' covering the start of the [[British Somaliland]] offensive}}
File:Captainallangibb.jpg|Captain Alan Gibbs
File:Captainallangibb.jpg|Captain Alan Gibbs
File:Sheikh Bashir praying.jpg|Sheikh Bashir praying [[Sunnah prayer]], 1920
File:Sheikh Bashir praying.jpg|Sheikh Bashir praying [[Sunnah prayer]], 1920
File:Somaliland Flying for the first time The White and Blue Somali Flag at the Independence Celebrations on 26 June 1960.jpg|Somaliland flying the [[Somali Flag]] at the [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Independence]] ceremony on 26 June 1960. The then Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]] salutes the flag.
</gallery>
</gallery>
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist}}
}}
== Other websites ==
== Other websites ==
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.somalilandgov.com/ Somaliland's official website]
* [http://www.somalilandgov.com/ Somaliland's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114304/http://www.somalilandgov.com/map.htm |date=2012-02-14 }}
{{Africa}}
{{Africa}}
{{geo-stub}}
{{geo-stub}}