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Line 1: − + + − + − [[Medical doctor|Doctors]] who work at psychiatric hospitals are called [[psychiatrist]]s. On some occasions people choose to be in a psychiatric hospital due to their emotional or physical health, though sometimes psychiatrists can put people in hospitals who do not want to be there, because they think the people are dangerous to themselves or other people. A [[halfway house]] or group home is a place for patients who have left the psychiatric hospital and are slowly being released into [[society]].+ + + − Psychiatric hospitals used to be called lunatic asylums. Earlier asylums like the old Bethlem Royal Hospital in London (nicknamed "Bedlam") were like [[prison]]s. Patients received no treatment and were often imprisoned and chained. In the 19th century, new asylums were built. These were designed to be pleasant places with gardens and airy rooms, and later became known as psychiatric hospitals. Although they no longer looked like prisons, patients still had little freedom or hope of leaving. The term '''institutionalisation''' means when someone has lived in a hospital (or some other place like a prison) for so long that they cannot cope with living outside of it. − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + + + + +
KS update 1.4
[[File:Francisco Goya - Casa de locos.jpg|thumb|[[Francisco de Goya]] (1746-1828), ''Casa de Locos'' (House of Fools) shows how fools were treated before specialized treatment was available.]]
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[[File:Francisco Goya - Casa de locos.jpg|thumb|[[Francisco de Goya]] (1746-1828), ''Casa de Locos'' (House of Fools) shows how "fools" were treated before specialized treatment was available.]]
[[Image:Narrenturm Vienna June 2006 577.jpg|thumb|The ''Narrenturm'' in [[Vienna]] (translates to fools' tower) was the first specialised building to lodge mentally ill patients. It was built in 1784. It is a [[museum]] of medical history today.]]
[[Image:Narrenturm Vienna June 2006 577.jpg|thumb|The ''Narrenturm'' in [[Vienna]] (translates to fools' tower) was the first specialised building to lodge mentally ill patients. It was built in 1784. It is a [[museum]] of medical history today.]]
A '''psychiatric hospital''' is a place where [[mental illness|mentally ill]] people are kept so they can be treated.
A '''psychiatric hospital''' is a [[residential institution|residential facility]] where people with [[Mental illness|mental illnesses]] can be kept safe and receive treatment.
On some occasions, a person might choose to enter a psychiatric hospital to address their mental health. On other occasions, people can be forced into psychiatric facilities if a doctor thinks they are a danger to others or themselves.
[[Medical doctor|Doctors]] who work at psychiatric hospitals are called [[psychiatrist]]s.
== History ==
== History ==
In the middle of the 20th century, new drugs were invented that made it easier to treat mental illness. Governments began to look for ways to care for patients outside of hospitals. They believed it would lead to better care for patients and save money. This is known as '''deinstitutionalisation'''. Since the 1970s, many countries have closed large numbers of psychiatric hospitals. Mentally ill patients are now also cared for in local [[hospital]]s, small clinics and in their own homes.
== "Lunatic asylums" ==
Psychiatric hospitals used to be called [[lunatic]] asylums. Earlier asylums like the old [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] in London (nicknamed "Bedlam") were like [[prison]]s. Patients received no treatment and were often imprisoned and chained. When he took over Bethlem, [[Philippe Pinel]] made a radical change: he got rid of the chains in his asylum.
== Institutionalization ==
In the [[19th century]], new asylums were built. These were designed to be pleasant places with [[Garden|gardens]] and airy rooms, and later became known as psychiatric hospitals. Although they no longer looked like prisons, patients still had little freedom or hope of leaving. Many experienced ''institutionalisation'' - they had lived in the hospital for so long that they could not cope with living outside of it.
== Deinstitutionalisation ==
In the middle of the [[20th century]], new drugs were invented that made it easier to treat mental illness. Governments began to look for ways to care for patients outside of hospitals. They believed it would lead to better care for patients and save money. This is known as ''deinstitutionalisation''.
Since the 1970s, many countries have closed large numbers of psychiatric hospitals. Mentally ill patients are now also cared for in local [[hospital]]s, small clinics and in their own homes.
== Psychiatric Hospital Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Danvers State Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts, Kirkbride Complex, circa 1893.jpg|Danvers State Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts, Kirkbride Complex, {{Circa|1893}}
File:Springfield State Hospital.jpg|Springfield State Hospital, Sykesville, Maryland, Cottage Plan, c. 1896
File:Administration Building, McLean Hospital, Belmont MA.jpg|[[McLean Hospital]]'s administration building in [[Belmont, Massachusetts]]; the hospital treated several notable [[New England]] residents, including [[Governor of Massachusetts|Massachusetts governor]] [[Nathaniel P. Banks]], musician [[James Taylor]], and poet [[Anne Sexton]]
File:RetreatOriginalBuildingssm.jpg|[[York Retreat]], built in the late 18th century by [[William Tuke]], a pioneer in moral treatment of the mentally ill
File:Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital 1.jpg|Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital in Naujoji Vilnia, one of the largest health facilities in [[Lithuania]], built in 1902
File:Röykän sairaala.jpg|The [[Art Nouveau]]-styled Röykkä Hospital, formerly known as [[Nummela Sanatorium]], in [[Röykkä]], Finland
File:Narrenturm Vienna June 2006 575.jpg|[[Narrenturm (hospital)|Narrenturm]] in [[Vienna]], built in 1784, is named for a [[German language]] phrase, meaning "fools' tower"; the hospital was among the earliest buildings designed specifically for the mentally ill.
{{multistub|med|science}}
File:NorthernMichiganAsylumCTraverseCityMI.JPG|[[Traverse City State Hospital]] in [[Traverse City, Michigan]], U.S., in operation from 1881 to 1989
</gallery>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
This section needs to be filled in.{{multistub|med|science}}
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Hospitals]]
[[Category:Hospitals]]