Changes

}}

}}

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لِشْکری زَبَانِ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design [[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]]}}</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the second millennium BCE.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

'''Urdu''', also known as '''Lashkari''',<ref name="Ahmad2009">{{cite book|author=Aijazuddin Ahmad|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120|year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|pages=120–|quote=The very word Urdu came into being as the original '''''Lashkari''''' dialect, in other words, the language of the army.}}</ref> or the '''Lashkari language''' (لِشْکری زَبَانِ)<ref>*Khalid, Kanwal. "[https://ia903205.us.archive.org/31/items/13-kanwal-khalid-lahore-during-the-ghaznavid-period-90-3-2015/%2813%29%20Kanwal%20Khalid%20Lahore%20During%20the%20Ghaznavid%20Period-90-3-2015.pdf Lahore During The Ghaznavid Period: A Socio- Political and Cultural Study]."

</ref> is the [[national language]] of [[Pakistan]] and a recognized [[regional language|regional dialect]] in India. Urdu is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the [[Caspian Sea]] in the second millennium BCE.<ref>Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</ref>

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a [[lingua franca]]. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts in any order.

Most people in [[Pakistan]] speak it as a [[lingua franca]]. There are parts of [[India]] that speak it, such as [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]], for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how [[Hindi]] is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts in any order.

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language]] also derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnicity]], was [[Persian language|Persian]]. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring [[Punjab]] or ''Hind'', which had [[Lahore]] as its capital. The contemporary [[Punjabi language]] also derives from this language indigenous to the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage|author=Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry|year=1998|page=18|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, [[University of Michigan]] (origin)|isbn=9693509447}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian began to influence the language of the natives of the region.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf|title=Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period|work=Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University}}</ref>

A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian began to influence the language of the natives of the region.<ref name="Dogra, Ramesh Chander 1973"/><ref>*Khalid, Kanwal. "[https://ia903205.us.archive.org/31/items/13-kanwal-khalid-lahore-during-the-ghaznavid-period-90-3-2015/%2813%29%20Kanwal%20Khalid%20Lahore%20During%20the%20Ghaznavid%20Period-90-3-2015.pdf Lahore During The Ghaznavid Period: A Socio- Political and Cultural Study]."

</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the west of present-day India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the west of present-day India and brought this language to [[Delhi]]. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/urdu-the-name-and-the-language/814D9AFC0EBB3ADBB71B4CCD26FAF2D5 Urdu: the Name and the Language]." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</ref>

From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like [[Lucknow]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<ref>Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</ref>

It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<ref name="Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado 2011">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</ref>

The name "urdu" originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was related to the [[Turkish language|Turks]] because they were all part of the same Turkic family, unlike [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] languages.

The name "urdu" originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was part of the same [[Turkic languages|Turkic family]], like [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] languages.

In its own indigenous translation, it was a ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

In its own indigenous translation, it was a ''Lashkari Zaban'' and ''Lashkari'' for short.

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]." Hindustan, a name associated with the [[Indus River]]. The court proceedings were continuing in the language.

During the time of the [[British Empire]], it gained the designation of "[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]." Hindustan, a name associated with the [[Indus River]]. The court proceedings were continuing in the language.

It eventually became the first language of many people in [[North India]].

It eventually became the [[first language]] of many people in [[North India]].

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

By the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects.

In India, it became the national language but went by the name Hindi and was written in the Devanagari script. It also used a lesser amount of Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai words and instead, [[Sanskrit]] words were adopted in their place.

In India, it became the national language but went by the name Hindi and was written in the [[Devanagari]] script. It also used a lesser amount of Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai words and instead, [[Sanskrit]] words were adopted in their place.

Today, it is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan in terms of total speakers and a registered language in 22 Indian states.

Today, it is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan in terms of total speakers and a registered language in 22 Indian states.

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)

Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general)

== Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference? ==

== Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference? ==

Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-22|title=Yes, Hindi and Urdu are the same language|url=http://www.oxirsoc.com/blog-articles/2017/2/22/yes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Oxford IRSoc|language=en-GB}}</ref> Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urdu - Worldwide distribution|url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/urdu.php|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Worlddata.info|language=en}}</ref> Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].

Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-22|title=Yes, Hindi and Urdu are the same language|url=http://www.oxirsoc.com/blog-articles/2017/2/22/yes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Oxford IRSoc|language=en-GB}}</ref> Urdu is the [[official language]] of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urdu - Worldwide distribution|url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/urdu.php|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Worlddata.info|language=en}}</ref> Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].

[[Hindi]], also historically known as '''''Hindui''''' ('''हिंदुई'''),<ref>Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041</ref> is the most spoken language of India, which replaces much of Urdu's Farsi, Chagatai and Arabic terminology with [[Sanskrit]] derived vocabulary. They are grammatically the same. Everyday words are often shared between the two registers, while formal vocabulary can differ significantly. Urdu and Hindi speakers can understand each other with little to no difficulty, largely from using shared, or English vocabulary, rather than using highly Arabized or Sanskritized vocabulary. Hindi speakers are more likely to use words of Arabic/Persian origin (Kitaab, Dil, Mahobbat), than Urdu speakers are to use words of Sanskrit origin (Pustak, Man, Prem), as Urdu-speaking Pakistani's have less exposure to Hindi, than Hindi-speaking Indians do to Urdu. This can be seen in Bollywoods extensive use of the Urdu register,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title=Is Urdu losing its charm in Bollywood films?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/is-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> and India being a nation where both registers are natively spoken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashmi|first=Rasia|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2023-06-30|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Hindi]], also historically known as '''''Hindui''''' ('''हिंदुई'''),<ref>Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041</ref> is the most spoken language of India, which replaces much of Urdu's Farsi, Chagatai and Arabic terminology with [[Sanskrit]] derived vocabulary. They are grammatically the same. Everyday words are often shared between the two registers, while formal vocabulary can differ significantly. Urdu and Hindi speakers can understand each other with little to no difficulty, largely from using shared, or English vocabulary, rather than using highly Arabized or Sanskritized vocabulary. Hindi speakers are more likely to use words of Arabic/Persian origin (Kitaab, Dil, Mahobbat), than Urdu speakers are to use words of Sanskrit origin (Pustak, Man, Prem), as Urdu-speaking Pakistani's have less exposure to Hindi, than Hindi-speaking Indians do to Urdu. This can be seen in Bollywoods extensive use of the Urdu register,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title=Is Urdu losing its charm in Bollywood films?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/is-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> and India being a nation where both registers are natively spoken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashmi|first=Rasia|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2023-06-30|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>

File:Trilingual road sign in India.png|Urdu and Hindi on a road sign in India. The Urdu version is a direct transliteration of the English; the Hindi is a part transliteration ("parcel" and "rail") and part translation: "karyalay" and "arakshan kendra"

File:Trilingual road sign in India.png|Urdu and Hindi on a road sign in India. The Urdu version is a direct transliteration of the English; the Hindi is a part transliteration ("parcel" and "rail") and part translation: "karyalay" and "arakshan kendra"

File:Zaban_urdu_mualla.png|The phrase ''zubān-e-Urdū-e-muʿallā'' ("the language of the exalted camp") written in the [[Perso-Arabic]] script

File:Zaban_urdu_mualla.png|The phrase Z''ubān-e-Urdū-e-Muʿallā'' ("the language of the exalted camp") written in the [[Perso-Arabic]] script

File:Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final.svg|The [[Urdu alphabet]], with transliterations in the Devanagari and Roman scripts

File:Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final.svg|The [[Urdu alphabet]], with transliterations in the Roman and Devanagari scripts

File:Double-Headed Eagle Stupa at Sirkap 06.jpg|An English-Urdu bilingual sign at the archaeological site of [[Sirkap]], near [[Taxila]]. The Urdu says: (right to left) {{unq|دو سَروں والے عقاب کی شبيہ والا مندر}}, dō sarōñ wālé u'qāb kī shabīh wāla mandir. "The temple with the image of the eagle with two heads."

File:Double-Headed Eagle Stupa at Sirkap 06.jpg|An English-Urdu bilingual sign at the archaeological site of [[Sirkap]], near [[Taxila]]. The Urdu says: (right to left) {{unq|دو سَروں والے عقاب کی شبيہ والا مندر}}, dō sarōñ wālé u'qāb kī shabīh wāla mandir. "The temple with the image of the eagle with two heads."