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'''Bury St Edmunds''' is a town in the county of [[Suffolk]], [[England]].  It is the main town in the [[borough]] of St. Edmundsbury and known for the [[ruins|ruined]] [[abbey]] near the town centre. The town linked to [[Magna Carta]]; in 1214 the [[baron]]s of England are believed to have met in the Abbey Church and promised to force King John to accept the Charter of Liberties, the document which influenced the creation of Magna Carta. It was also the setting for two [[witch]] [[trial]]s.<ref name="W.M.">{{cite book | last =Notestein | first =Wallace | title =A History of Witchcraft In England from 1558 to 1718 | url =https://archive.org/details/ahistorywitchcr00notegoog |publisher= American Historical Association 1911 (reissued 1965) New York Russell & Russell |date=1911 |location=New York |id= L.C. Catalogue Card No: 65-18824 }}</ref><ref name="G.G.">{{cite book |last=Geis |first= Gilbert |author2= Bunn Ivan | display-authors = etal |title=A Trial of Witches: A Seventeenth-century Witchcraft Prosecution |url=https://archive.org/details/trialofwitchesse0000geis |publisher= Routledge |date=1997 |location=New York |isbn=0-415-17109-1 }}</ref> one of which was used as a reference in the [[Salem Witch Trials]].<ref name="G.G."/><ref name="G.J.">{{cite book | last =Jensen | first =Gary F. | title =''The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts.'' | publisher =Rowman & Littlefield | date =2006 |location=Lanham |isbn=0-7425-4697-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last =  Bunn | first = Ivan | title = The Lowestoft Witches | url= http://www.lowestoftwitches.com/index.htm |access-date= 2007-12-15 }}</ref> During the [[World War II|Second World War]], the [[United States Army Air Force|USAAF]] operated an [[airfield]] outside the town. It is also called 'Suffolk's Floral Town' due to the abbey gardens and amounts of rural land.<ref>{{cite web

'''Bury St Edmunds''' is a town in the county of [[Suffolk]], [[England]].  It is the main town in the [[borough]] of St. Edmundsbury and known for the [[ruins|ruined]] [[abbey]] near the town centre. The town linked to [[Magna Carta]]; in 1214 the [[baron]]s of England are believed to have met in the Abbey Church and promised to force King John to accept the Charter of Liberties, the document which influenced the creation of Magna Carta. It was also the setting for two [[witch]] [[trial]]s.<ref name="W.M.">{{cite book | last =Notestein | first =Wallace | title =A History of Witchcraft In England from 1558 to 1718 | url =https://archive.org/details/ahistorywitchcr00notegoog |publisher= American Historical Association 1911 (reissued 1965) New York Russell & Russell |date=1911 |location=New York |id= L.C. Catalogue Card No: 65-18824 }}</ref><ref name="G.G.">{{cite book |last=Geis |first= Gilbert |author2= Bunn Ivan | display-authors = etal |title=A Trial of Witches: A Seventeenth-century Witchcraft Prosecution |url=https://archive.org/details/trialofwitchesse0000geis |publisher= Routledge |date=1997 |location=New York |isbn=0-415-17109-1 }}</ref> one of which was used as a reference in the [[Salem Witch Trials]].<ref name="G.G."/><ref name="G.J.">{{cite book | last =Jensen | first =Gary F. | title =''The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts.'' | publisher =Rowman & Littlefield | date =2006 |location=Lanham |isbn=0-7425-4697-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last =  Bunn | first = Ivan | title = The Lowestoft Witches | url= http://www.lowestoftwitches.com/index.htm |access-date= 2007-12-15 }}</ref> During the [[World War II|Second World War]], the [[United States Army Air Force|USAAF]] operated an [[airfield]] outside the town. It is also called 'Suffolk's Floral Town' because of the abbey gardens and the large amount of rural land.<ref>{{cite web

   | last = St Edmundsbury

   | last = St Edmundsbury

   | first = Borough Council

   | first = Borough Council

   }}</ref>

   }}</ref>

== Town ==

== Town ==

Near the [[garden]]s stands [[Great Britain]]'s first internally illuminated street sign called the ''Pillar of Salt''. When built, it needed permission because it did not conform to regulations. Bury St Edmunds is where the A1101 road, Britain's lowest road, ends. There is a network of [[tunnel]]s which prove that [[chalk]]-workings took place nearby,<ref>{{cite web|

Near the [[garden]]s stands [[Great Britain]]'s first internally illuminated street sign called the ''Pillar of Salt''. When built, it needed permission because it did not conform to regulations. Bury St Edmunds is where the A1101 road, Britain's lowest road, ends. There is a network of [[tunnel]]s which prove that [[chalk]]-workings took place nearby<ref>{{cite web|

publisher = English Nature

publisher = English Nature

|url = http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003555.pdf

|url = http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003555.pdf

|title = The Glen Chalk Caves, Bury St Edmunds

|title = The Glen Chalk Caves, Bury St Edmunds

| access-date = 2008-01-22}}</ref> though there is no evidence of a lot of tunnels under the town centre. Some buildings have cellars which lead into each other. Due to their unsafe nature the chalk-workings are not open to the public, although viewing is allowed to some people. Some tunnels have caused subsidence in living history.

| access-date = 2008-01-22}}</ref> though there is no evidence of many tunnels under the town centre. Some buildings have cellars that lead into one another. Because oif their unsafe nature, the chalk-workings are not open to the public although viewing is allowed to some people. Some tunnels have caused subsidence in living history.

Among interesting buildings is St Mary's Church. The [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] [[King]] [[Henry VIII]]'s sister, [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary Tudor]], was re-buried in Bury's St Mary's Church, after being moved from the Abbey after her brother's dissolution of the Church six year after her death. [[Queen Victoria]] had a stained glass window fitted into the church to commemorate Mary's interment.<ref>{{cite web

Among interesting buildings is St Mary's Church. The [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] [[King]] [[Henry VIII]]'s sister, [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary Tudor]], was re-buried in Bury's St Mary's Church, after being moved from the Abbey after her brother's dissolution of the Church six year after her death. [[Queen Victoria]] had a stained glass window fitted into the church to commemorate Mary's interment.<ref>{{cite web

   | last = Knott

   | last = Knott

   | first = Simon

   | first = Simon

   }}</ref>

   }}</ref>

On [[3 March]], [[1974]] a [[Turkish Airlines]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]] jet crashed near [[Paris]] in [[France]] killing all 346 people on board. Among the victims were 17 members of Bury St Edmunds [[Rugby football|rugby]] club.

On [[3 March]], [[1974]] a [[Turkish Airlines]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]] jet crashed near [[Paris]] in [[France]] killing all 346 people on board. Among the victims were 17 members of Bury St Edmunds [[Rugby football|rugby]] club.

The town council election on 3 May 2007 was won by the "Abolish Bury Town Council" party.<ref>{{cite web

The town council election on 3 May 2007 was won by the "Abolish Bury Town Council" party.<ref>{{cite web

}}</ref>

}}</ref>

== Name ==

== Name ==

The name ''[[borough]]'' comes from of ''Bury'', which has [[cognate]]s in other Germanic languages such as the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] "borg" meaning "wall, castle"; and [[Gothic language|Gothic]] "baurgs" meaning "city". They all derive from [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] ''*burgs'' meaning "fortress". This in turn derives from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''*bhrgh'' meaning "fortified elevation", with cognates including [[Welsh language|Welsh]] "bera", "stack" and [[Sanskrit]] bhrant- "high, elevated building".

The name ''[[borough]]'' comes from of ''Bury'', which has [[cognate]]s in other Germanic languages such as the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] "borg" meaning "wall, castle"; and [[Gothic language|Gothic]] "baurgs" meaning "city". They all derive from [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] ''*burgs'' meaning "fortress". That in turn derives from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''*bhrgh'' meaning "fortified elevation", with cognates including [[Welsh language|Welsh]] "bera", "stack" and [[Sanskrit]] bhrant- "high, elevated building".

== Abbey ==

== Abbey ==

In the centre of Bury St Edmunds there is the remains of an [[abbey]], surrounded by the Abbey Gardens, a park. The abbey is a shrine to [[Edmund the Martyr|Saint Edmund]], the Saxon King of the East Angles, who was killed by the Danes in 869AD. The town grew around [[Bury St. Edmunds Abbey|Bury St Edmunds Abbey]], a site of pilgrimage, and developed into a flourishing cloth-making town by the 14th century.

In the centre of Bury St Edmunds there is the remains of an [[abbey]], surrounded by the Abbey Gardens, a park. The abbey is a shrine to [[Edmund the Martyr|Saint Edmund]], the Saxon King of the East Angles, who was killed by the Danes in 869AD. The town grew around [[Bury St. Edmunds Abbey|Bury St Edmunds Abbey]], a site of pilgrimage, and developed into a flourishing cloth-making town by the 14th century.

The abbey was largely destroyed during the 16th century with the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution of the monasteries]] but Bury remained prosperous throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It fell into relative decline with the [[industrial revolution]].

The abbey was largely destroyed during the 16th century with the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution of the monasteries]] but Bury remained prosperous throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It fell into relative decline with the [[industrial revolution]].

The Abbey Gardens which surround the ruins had an [[Internet]] bench installed in the late 1990s, which portable computers to connect to the Internet. It was the first bench of its kind, though within the first week two teenagers discovered they could also make free telephone calls from the bench. They phoned the [[Borough Council]] (owner of the bench) to notify them, then attempted to contact [[Bill Gates]], founder of [[Microsoft]], to tell him.<ref>{{cite news

The Abbey Gardens which surround the ruins had an [[Internet]] bench installed in the late 1990s, which portable computers to connect to the Internet. It was the first bench of its kind, but within the first week two teenagers discovered they could also make free telephone calls from the bench. They phoned the [[Borough Council]] (owner of the bench) to notify them and attempted to contact [[Bill Gates]], founder of [[Microsoft]], to tell him.<ref>{{cite news

   | last =  BBC

   | last =  BBC

   | first = News

   | first = News

The [[Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds]] was built by [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] architect [[William Wilkins (architect)|William Wilkins]] in 1819. It is the sole surviving [[English Regency|Regency]] Theatre in the country . The theatre, owned by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] underwent restoration between 2005 and 2007. Appeal patron Dame [[Judi Dench]]: {{cquote|The Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds holds a unique place in the history of theatre in this country as well as a special place in my heart. The restoration of one of the last [[Georgian period in British history|Georgian]] theatres in the country will ensure a vital part of our theatrical heritage will survive for future generations.}}It presents a full programme of performances and is also open for public tours.

The [[Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds]] was built by [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] architect [[William Wilkins (architect)|William Wilkins]] in 1819. It is the sole surviving [[English Regency|Regency]] Theatre in the country . The theatre, owned by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] underwent restoration between 2005 and 2007. Appeal patron Dame [[Judi Dench]]: {{cquote|The Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds holds a unique place in the history of theatre in this country as well as a special place in my heart. The restoration of one of the last [[Georgian period in British history|Georgian]] theatres in the country will ensure a vital part of our theatrical heritage will survive for future generations.}}It presents a full programme of performances and is also open for public tours.

Moyse's Hall Museum is one of the oldest (c. 1180) domestic buildings in East Anglia open to the public. It has collections of fine art, for example [[Mary Beale]], costume, e.g. [[Charles Frederick Worth]], [[horology]], local and social history; including [[Red Barn Murder]] and [[Witchcraft]].<ref>{{cite web

Moyse's Hall Museum is one of the oldest (c. 1180) domestic buildings in East Anglia open to the public. It has collections of fine art, for example [[Mary Beale]], costume, e.g. [[Charles Frederick Worth]], [[horology]], local and social history; including [[Red Barn Murder]] and [[Witchcraft]].<ref>{{cite web

   | last = St Edmundsbury

   | last = St Edmundsbury

   | first = Borough Council

   | first = Borough Council

   }}</ref>

   }}</ref>

The town holds a festival in May. This including concerts, plays, dance, and lecturers culminating in fireworks. Bury St Edmunds is home to England's oldest Scout group, [[Scouting in Suffolk#Scout Groups|1st Bury St Edmunds (Mayors Own)]].

The town holds a festival in May, which includes concerts, plays, dance, and lecturers culminating in fireworks. Bury St Edmunds is home to England's oldest [[Scouting|Scout]] group, [[Scouting in Suffolk#Scout Groups|1st Bury St Edmunds (Mayors Own)]].

The town's [[association football|football]] club, [[Bury Town F.C.|Bury Town]], are the fourth oldest [[non-league]] team in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burytownfc.co.uk/col.asp?cid=38|title=History of Bury Town Football Club - Members of the Ryman League|publisher=www.burytownfc.co.uk|access-date=2008-03-17|archive-date=2008-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320031942/http://burytownfc.co.uk/col.asp?cid=38|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are members of the [[Isthmian League Division One North]].

The town's [[association football|football]] club, [[Bury Town F.C.|Bury Town]], are the fourth oldest [[non-league]] team in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burytownfc.co.uk/col.asp?cid=38|title=History of Bury Town Football Club - Members of the Ryman League|publisher=www.burytownfc.co.uk|access-date=2008-03-17|archive-date=2008-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320031942/http://burytownfc.co.uk/col.asp?cid=38|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are members of the [[Isthmian League Division One North]].

Another beer-related landmark is Britain's smallest [[public house]], [[Nutshell (Bury St Edmunds pub)|The Nutshell]], which is on The Traverse, just off the marketplace.

Another beer-related landmark is Britain's smallest [[public house]], [[Nutshell (Bury St Edmunds pub)|The Nutshell]], which is on The Traverse, just off the marketplace.

== Sugar beet ==

== Sugar beet ==

Bury's largest landmark is the [[British Sugar plc|British Sugar]] factory near the [[A14 road|A14]], which processes [[sugar beet]] into refined crystal sugar. It was built in 1925 and processes beet from 1,300 growers. 660 lorry loads of beet can be accepted each day when beet is being harvested. Not all the beet can be crystallised immediately, and some is kept in solution in holding tanks until late spring and early summer, when the plant has spare crystallising capacity. The sugar is sold under the Silver Spoon name (the other major British brand, [[Tate & Lyle]], is made from imported [[sugar cane]]). By-products include molassed sugar beet feed for cattle and LimeX70, a soil improver.

Bury's largest landmark is the [[British Sugar plc|British Sugar]] factory near the [[A14 road|A14]], which processes [[sugar beet]] into refined crystal sugar. It was built in 1925 and processes beet from 1,300 growers. 660 lorry loads of beet can be accepted each day when beet is being harvested. Not all of the beet can be crystallised immediately, and some is kept in solution in holding tanks until late spring and early summer, when the plant has spare crystallising capacity. The sugar is sold under the Silver Spoon name (the other major British brand, [[Tate & Lyle]], is made from imported [[sugar cane]]). By-products include molassed sugar beet feed for cattle and LimeX70, a soil improver.

== Notable residents ==

== Notable residents ==

[[Image:Abbeygate In Bury St Edmunds.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The Abbeygate, a local symbol of the town]]

[[Image:Abbeygate In Bury St Edmunds.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The Abbeygate, a local symbol of the town]]

Notable people from Bury St Edmunds include artist and printer [[Sybil Andrews]], actor [[Bob Hoskins]], theatre director [[Peter Hall (theatre director)|Sir Peter Hall]], artist and water deviner [[Neil Stalley]], author Maria Lousie de la Ramé (also known as [[Ouida]]), World War II Canadian general [[Guy Simonds]] and the 18th century landscape architect [[Humphry Repton]], as well as [[Thomas Clarkson]] fact-finder behind the [[Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade|abolition of the slave trade]].

Notable people from Bury St Edmunds include artist and printer [[Sybil Andrews]], actor [[Bob Hoskins]], theatre director [[Peter Hall (theatre director)|Sir Peter Hall]], artist and water deviner [[Neil Stalley]], author Maria Lousie de la Ramé (also known as [[Ouida]]), [[Canada|Canadian]] [[World War II]] General [[Guy Simonds]], the 18th-century landscape architect [[Humphry Repton]] and [[Thomas Clarkson]] )the fact-finder behind the [[Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade|abolition of the slave trade]]).

Notable bands from Bury St Edmunds include [[Jacob's Mouse]], [[Miss Black America (band)|Miss Black America]], [[The Dawn Parade]] and [[Kate Jackson (singer)|Kate Jackson]] (of [[The Long Blondes]])

Notable bands from Bury St Edmunds include [[Jacob's Mouse]], [[Miss Black America (band)|Miss Black America]], [[The Dawn Parade]] and [[Kate Jackson (singer)|Kate Jackson]] (of [[The Long Blondes]])