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'''Somaliland''' ({{lang-so|Somaliland}}; {{lang-ar|صوماليلاند}} ''{{transl|ar|Ṣūmālīlānd}}'', {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), officially the '''Somaliland Protectorate''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية صوماليلاند}}) is a de facto country that used to be the former [[protectorate]] of [[British Somaliland]]. [[Djibouti]] lies to the west of Somaliland, the [[Federal Republic of Ethiopia]] lies to the south and west and [[Somalia]] lies to the east and south.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland Official Website|url=http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|accessdate=23 December 2010|publisher=somalilandgov.com|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114057/http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hoehne, Markus Virgil. "The rupture of territoriality and the diminishing relevance of cross‐cutting ties in Somalia after 1990." Development and Change 47.6 (2016): 1379-1411.</ref>
'''Somaliland''' ({{lang-so|Somaliland}}; {{lang-ar|صوماليلاند}} ''{{transl|ar|Ṣūmālīlānd}}'', {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), officially the '''Somaliland Protectorate''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية صوماليلاند}}) is a de facto country that used to be the former [[protectorate]] of [[British Somaliland]]. [[Djibouti]] lies to the west of Somaliland, the [[Federal Republic of Ethiopia]] lies to the south and west and [[Somalia]] lies to the east and south.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland Official Website|url=http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|accessdate=23 December 2010|publisher=somalilandgov.com|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114057/http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Hoehne, Markus Virgil. "The rupture of territoriality and the diminishing relevance of cross‐cutting ties in Somalia after 1990." Development and Change 47.6 (2016): 1379-1411.</ref>
The area used to be the Somaliland protectorate, which was part of the British empire along with [[Jubaland]], once called [[Trans-juba]]. The British granted its independence on 26 June 1960 upon which it called the "Somaliland Republic".<ref name="PDF">{{cite web |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |title=THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND |date=31 May 2001 |publisher=International relations and security network |accessdate=23 December 2010 |archive-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110751/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly after, the leaders of Somaliland and Somalia agreed to form a unified state. In May of 1991, after a brutal war waged by the government of [[Siad Barre]], Somaliland proclaimed and regained its independence.
The area used to be the [[Somaliland]] protectorate, which was part of the British empire along with [[Jubaland]], once called [[Trans-juba]]. The British granted its independence on 26 June 1960 upon which it called the "Somaliland Republic".<ref name="PDF">{{cite web |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |title=THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND |date=31 May 2001 |publisher=International relations and security network |accessdate=23 December 2010 |archive-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110751/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly after, the leaders of Somaliland and Somalia agreed to form a unified state. In May of 1991, after a brutal war waged by the government of [[Siad Barre]], Somaliland proclaimed and regained its independence.::.
Currently, Somaliland's [[international|international]] position fulfills the requirements to be considered an independent country<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html?scp=1&sq=The%20Signs%20Say%20Somaliland,%20but%20the%20World%20Says%20Somalia&st=cse |title=The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia |last=Lacey |first=Marc |date=5 June 2006 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=25 December 2010}}</ref> according to the [[Montevideo Convention]]. The government of Somalia, however, still considers Somaliland to be a part of Somalia.
Currently, [[Somaliland]]'s [[international|international]] position fulfills the requirements to be considered an independent country<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html?scp=1&sq=The%20Signs%20Say%20Somaliland,%20but%20the%20World%20Says%20Somalia&st=cse |title=The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia |last=Lacey |first=Marc |date=5 June 2006 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=25 December 2010}}</ref> according to the [[Montevideo Convention]]. The government of Somalia, however, still considers [[Somaliland]] to be a part of [[Somalia]].:.
Somaliland has a republican government with free elections. The capital is [[Hargeisa]]. Berbera is a beautiful city on the coast. About 55% of the people of Somalilands are [[nomads]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Country – Somaliland Official Government Website|url=https://somalilandgov.com/country-profile/|access-date=2020-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Most Somalis are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslims]]. Some people are part of [[Sufism|Sufi]] orders.
Somaliland has a republican government with free elections. The capital is [[Hargeisa]]. [[Berbera]] is a beautiful city on the coast. About 55% of the people of Somalilands are [[nomads]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Country – Somaliland Official Government Website|url=https://somalilandgov.com/country-profile/|access-date=2020-12-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Most Somalis are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslims]]. Some people are part of [[Sufism|Sufi]] orders.
A territory in the west, called [[Khatumo State]] has been disputed between Somaliland and [[Puntland]].
A territory in the west, called [[Khatumo State]] has been disputed between [[Somaliland]] and [[Puntland]].
== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
File:Sheikh Bashir praying.jpg|Sheikh Bashir praying [[Sunnah prayer]], 1920
File:Sheikh Bashir praying.jpg|Sheikh Bashir praying [[Sunnah prayer]], 1920
File:Somaliland Flying for the first time The White and Blue Somali Flag at the Independence Celebrations on 26 June 1960.jpg|Somaliland flying the [[Somali Flag]] at the [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Independence]] ceremony on 26 June 1960. The then Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]] salutes the flag.
File:Somaliland Flying for the first time The White and Blue Somali Flag at the Independence Celebrations on 26 June 1960.jpg|Somaliland flying the [[Somali Flag]] at the [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Independence]] ceremony on 26 June 1960. The then Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]], salutes the flag.
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== References ==
== References ==