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A '''fore-and-aft rig''' is a [[sailing]] [[rig|rig]] that mainly has [[sail]]s that are set along the line of the [[keel]] instead of [[perpendicular|perpendicular]] to it. Such [[sail]]s are described as '''fore-and-aft rigged'''.<ref>Austin Melvin Knight, ''Modern seamanship'' (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1910), pp. 507–532</ref>

A '''fore-and-aft rig''' is a [[sailing]] [[rig|rig]] that mainly has [[sail]]s that are set along the line of the [[keel]] instead of [[perpendicular|perpendicular]] to it. Such [[sail]]s are described as '''fore-and-aft rigged'''.<ref>Austin Melvin Knight, ''Modern seamanship'' (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1910), pp. 507–532</ref>

== History ==

== History ==

Two of the earliest fore-and-aft rigged sailing [[design]]s were the [[Junk (ship)|Chinese junk]] and the [[Triangle|triangular]] [[lateen]] sails of the [[Egypt]]ian [[Felucca]]s and [[dhow]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goodoldboat.com/reader_services/articles/foreaftrig.php |title=The Fore-and-Aft Rig |author=Ted Brewer |date=March–April 2001 |publisher=Good Old Boat |access-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> The lateen sail was used by [[Greece|Greek]] ships as early as the [[9th century]].<ref name=Kirby101>Richard Shelton Kirby, ''Engineering in History'' (New York: Dover Publications, 1990), p. 101</ref> By the [[11th century]] the fore-and-aft rig began to be used in the [[Italian city-states]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name=Kirby101/> The generally gentle [[climate]] made its use practical. There seems to be no record of when it was first used in [[Northern Europe]].<ref name=Chatterton44>Edward Keble Chatterton, ''Fore and Aft: The Story of the Fore & Aft Rig From the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1912), pp. 44–48</ref> The square rigged sails came first in the North. The [[Vikings]] used square rigged sails which became popular in Britain and [[Northern Europe]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> They certainly had seen its use in the course of trade and during the [[Crusades]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> The Renaissance changed this.<ref name=Chatterton44/> Slowly the fore-and-aft rig came into common use on [[river]]s and in [[estuaries]] in [[Britain]], [[Northern France]], and the [[Low Countries]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> The square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open [[North Sea]] as well as for [[Transatlantic crossing|transatlantic]] sailing. The [[lateen]] sail was more [[maneuverable|maneuverable]] and [[fast|faster]], while the square rig was [[clumsy|clumsy]] but [[seaworthy]].

Two of the earliest fore-and-aft rigged sailing [[design]]s were the [[Junk (ship)|Chinese junk]] and the [[Triangle|triangular]] [[lateen]] sails of the [[Egypt]]ian [[Felucca]]s and [[dhow]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goodoldboat.com/reader_services/articles/foreaftrig.php |title=The Fore-and-Aft Rig |author=Ted Brewer |date=March–April 2001 |publisher=Good Old Boat |access-date=December 25, 2016 |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105143/http://www.goodoldboat.com/reader_services/articles/foreaftrig.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> The lateen sail was used by [[Greece|Greek]] ships as early as the [[9th century]].<ref name=Kirby101>Richard Shelton Kirby, ''Engineering in History'' (New York: Dover Publications, 1990), p. 101</ref> By the [[11th century]] the fore-and-aft rig began to be used in the [[Italian city-states]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name=Kirby101/> The generally gentle [[climate]] made its use practical. There seems to be no record of when it was first used in [[Northern Europe]].<ref name=Chatterton44>Edward Keble Chatterton, ''Fore and Aft: The Story of the Fore & Aft Rig From the Earliest Times to the Present Day'' (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1912), pp. 44–48</ref> The square rigged sails came first in the North. The [[Vikings]] used square rigged sails which became popular in Britain and [[Northern Europe]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> They certainly had seen its use in the course of trade and during the [[Crusades]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> The Renaissance changed this.<ref name=Chatterton44/> Slowly the fore-and-aft rig came into common use on [[river]]s and in [[estuaries]] in [[Britain]], [[Northern France]], and the [[Low Countries]].<ref name=Chatterton44/> The square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open [[North Sea]] as well as for [[Transatlantic crossing|transatlantic]] sailing. The [[lateen]] sail was more [[maneuverable|maneuverable]] and [[fast|faster]], while the square rig was [[clumsy|clumsy]] but [[seaworthy]].

== Fore-and-aft Rig Media ==

== Fore-and-aft Rig Media ==

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File:proa1.jpg|Micronesian ''[[Wa (watercraft)|wa]]'' with [[crab claw sail]]

File:proa1.jpg|Micronesian ''[[Wa (watercraft)|wa]]'' with [[crab claw sail]]

File:Museum für Antike Schiffahrt, Mainz 02. Spritsail.jpg|The earliest European fore-and-aft rigs appeared in the form of [[spritsail]]s in Greco-Roman navigation, as this carving of a 3rd century AD [[Roman Empire|Roman]] merchant ship

File:Museum für Antike Schiffahrt, Mainz 02. Spritsail.jpg|The earliest European fore-and-aft rigs appeared in the form of [[spritsail]]s in Greco-Roman navigation, as this carving of a 3rd century AD [[Roman Empire|Roman]] merchant ship