Timeline and cultural period
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Greater Indus Valley (Punjab - Sapta Sindhu)
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Indus Plain
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Baluchistan
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Northern and Northwestern Pakistan
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| Upper Indus Plain
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Lower Indus Plain
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| IRON AGE
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| Culture
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Late Vedic Period (Painted Grey Ware culture, Northern Black Polished Ware)
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Late Vedic Period (Sindhu-Sauvīra)
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Pre-history
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Late Vedic Period
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| 6th century BCE
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Madra, Kekeya, Trigarta, Yaudheya, Sivi, Kuru (Puru clans)
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(Achaeminid conquests)
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Gandhara, Kamboja
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| Culture
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Persian and Greek influences
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"Second Urbanisation[broken anchor]" Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Yoga
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Achaemenid period
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| 5th century BCE
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Pre-history
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Hindush
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Gedrosia, Arachosia
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Gandāra, Sattagydia
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| 4th century BCE
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(Greek conquests)
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| HISTORICAL AGE
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| Culture
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Spread of Buddhism
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| 3rd century BCE
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Maurya Empire
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Greek influence
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| Culture
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Preclassical Hinduism (ca. CE 200 - 300) - "Hindu Synthesis"
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Seleucid–Mauryan influence
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Development of Mahayana and Vajrayana in Gandhara and Oddiyana
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| 2nd century BCE
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Indo-Greek Kingdom
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| 1st century BCE
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| 1st century CE
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Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians
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Indo-Parthians (Paratarajas)
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| 2nd century CE
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Kushan Empire
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| 3rd century CE
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Indo-Parthians (Apracharajas)
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Sasanian Hind
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Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
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| 4th century CE
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Kidarites
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Little Kushans
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| 5th century CE
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Alchon Huns
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Hephthalite Empire
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| 6th century CE
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Nezak Huns Turk Shahis
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| Culture
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Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100), Zoroastrian influence, Spread of Islam
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| 7th century CE
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Indo-Sassanids, Arab Caliphates
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| 8th century CE
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Turk Shahis, Taank Kingdom
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| 9th century CE
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Hindu Shahis
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Habbari dynasty
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Saffarids
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| 10th century CE
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Ghaznavids
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Sources
- Ahsan, Aitzaz. The Indus saga and the making of Pakistan (1996)Oxford University Press.
- Flood, Gavin D.. An Introduction to Hinduism (1996)Cambridge University Press.
- Hiltebeitel, Alf. Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture" (2002)Routledge.
- Khan, Sohail Ahmad. Ancient, Medieval & Recent History and Coins of Pakistan (1998)Leo books.
- Michaels, Axel. Hinduism. Past and present (2004). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Samuel, Geoffrey. The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century (2010)Cambridge University Press.
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