Tetanurae
Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") are a clade which includes most theropod dinosaurs, including birds. Tetanurans first appear in the Jurassic. It is a large group of theropod dinosaurs. Jacques Gauthier used the term when he first applied cladistics to vertebrate paleontology.[5]
| Tetanurans | |
|---|---|
| File:Monolophosaurus jiangi.jpg | |
| Skeleton of Monolophosaurus jiangi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Neotheropoda |
| Clade: | Averostra |
| Clade: | Tetanurae Gauthier, 1986 |
| Subgroups[3][4] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The term refers to the stiff tail which was held above the ground as a counterweight when the animal walked or ran.
Tetanurae are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to Ceratosaurus. Gauthier considered it to consist of Carnosauria and Coelurosauria. Modern birds are the only living representatives of the clade Tetanurae.[6]
Orionides
Oriondes is a clade in tetanure. It contains the extinct Megalosauroidea and the alive Avetheropoda
Tetanurae Media
- Cryolophosaurus in Japan White Background.jpg
Cryolophosaurus in Japan White Background
- Sinosaurus triassicus white background.JPG
Sinosaurus triassicus white background
- Monolophosaurus jiangi White Background.jpg
Monolophosaurus jiangi White Background
- Spinosaurus white background.jpg
Spinosaurus white background
- Complete skeleton of Torvosaurus white background.jpg
Complete skeleton of Torvosaurus white background
- FMNH Deinonychus white background.JPG
FMNH Deinonychus white background
Allosaurus AMNH White Background
- Acrocanthosaurus white background.jpg
Acrocanthosaurus white background
- Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg
Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube)
References
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Hendrickx, C.; Mateus, O.V. (2014). Evans, Alistair Robert (ed.). "Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the Largest Terrestrial Predator from Europe, and a Proposed Terminology of the Maxilla Anatomy in Nonavian Theropods". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e88905. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988905H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088905. PMC 3943790. PMID 24598585.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Gauthier J.A. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. In Padian K. The origin of birds and the evolution of flight. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8. California Academy of Sciences, 1–55. ISBN 0-940228-14-9
- ↑ Carrano M.T; Benson R.B.J. & Sampson S.D. 2011. The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). J. Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2) 211–300. [1]