Tower of London
The Tower of London is a Norman stone fortress in London, England. It stands on the bank of the River Thames, in the oldest part of the city.
| Tower of London | |
|---|---|
 The Tower of London, seen from the River Thames, with a view of the water-gate called "Traitors' Gate" | |
| Location | London Borough of Tower Hamlets London, EC3 |
| Area | Castle: 12 acres (4.9 ha) Tower Liberties: 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Height | 27 metres (89 ft) |
| Built | White Tower: 1078 Inner Ward: 1190s Re-built: 1285 Wharf expansion: 1377–1399 |
| Visitation | 2,741,126 (in 2016)[1] |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Designated | 1988 (12th session) |
| Reference No. | 488 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Region | Europe and North America |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2]
History
The fortress was built by William the Conqueror, King William I, starting in 1078. The moat was built by Richard I, using water diverted from the River Thames.
The Tower had many uses. Its main function was to protect Norman rule in the years after the conquest. It was a prison, and a place of execution. Today, the Crown Jewels are kept there. This is the collection of jewels owned by the British state, and sometimes worn by the monarch. There is also a museum of armour.
Only the most important people were executed (by axe) inside the Tower of London. Among the most famous were:
- George, Duke of Clarence (1478)
- Anne Boleyn, Queen of England (1536) wife of King Henry VIII
- Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (1540)
- Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (1541)
- Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (1542)
- Catherine Howard, Queen of England (1542), wife of King Henry VIII
- Lady Jane Grey (1554)
- Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1601)
The Tower of London has a collection of ravens, large black birds of the Crow family. They are taken care of by the staff who work there. The ravens' wing feathers are kept short so they cannot fly away. This is because a legend (story) says that if the ravens leave the Tower, the Tower and the Kingdom will fall.
The closest Underground station to the Tower of London is Tower Hill.
Escape attempts
Ranulf Flambard: 1100, successfully escaped.
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth: 1244, fell from the tower and died during escape attempt.
Tower Of London Media
Audio description of the Tower of London by Mike Gatting
Plan of the Tower of London
The original entrance to the White Tower was at first-floor level
St John's Chapel, inside the White Tower
The south face of the Waterloo Block
The White Tower dates from the late 11th century.
A model of the Tower of London as it appeared after the extension of the wharf in the late medieval period and the addition of the brick Bulwark at the west end of the castle under Edward IV.
One of the powerful French magnates held in the Tower during the Hundred Years' War was Charles, Duke of Orléans, the nephew of the King of France. This late 15th-century image is the earliest surviving non-schematic picture of the Tower of London. It shows the White Tower and the water-gate, with Old London Bridge in the background.
Prince Edward V and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. They are known as the Princes in the Tower as they were lodged in the Tower of London, with their last recorded appearance being in June 1483.
Memorial To The Executed in the Tower, unveiled in 2006, designed by Brian Catling
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Related pages
References
- ↑ "Visits made in 2016 to visitor attractions in membership with ALVA". Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ↑ UNESCO, "Tower of London"; retrieved 2012-4-19.
Other websites
Media related to Tower of London at Wikimedia Commons- Tower of London website
