Astronomical clock

Astronomical clock face (Prague).

The Rasmus Sørnes Clock, made in the 20th century.

One of several designs by Christiaan van der Klaauw

An astronomical clock is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information. It shows the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets. Some examples are large public clocks, but others are instruments for use inside buildings. Astronomical watches are made by several manufacturers. They are also extremely accurate.

The clocks made in the Middle Ages used the geocentric method, showing the Earth at the centre. The Sun rotates round the Earth: this accords with daily experience and with the world view of pre-Copernican Europe.

The idea of an astronomical clock is ancient. Although not a clock in the traditional sense, the 2nd century BCE Antikythera mechanism of ancient Greece was used to calculate the positions of the sun, moon, and stars at any given point by use of complex mechanical gears. European astronomical clocks are probably descended from the technology of the Antikythera mechanism. As Cicero later wrote in the 1st century BCE, Archimedes and Posidonius's orrery achieved virtually the same thing.

Astronomical Clock Media

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  The astrarium made by the Italian astronomer and physician Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio showed the hour, the yearly calendar, and the movement of the planets, Sun and Moon.Modern reconstruction in the Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy; it is about three feet high.

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  The courtier and bibliophile Louis de Gruuthuse in front of an astronomical clock. Henri Suso, Horloge de Sapience, 1470-1480

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  How the 24-hour analog dial might be interpreted.

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  Diagram showing how the zodiac is projected on to the ecliptic dial – the symbols are often drawn inside the dial.

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  Stereographic projection from the North Pole.

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  Ulysse Nardin Astrolabium Galileo Galilei

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  Cosmosign