Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–1035) known as Baldwin the Bearded, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 987 until his death. His reign saw Flanders grow into a powerful principality.
Career
Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Ivrea.[1] When his father died in 987 Baldwin succeeded him as Count of Flanders .[1] His mother, Rozala, was the regent of Flanders until he reached the age of majority. After his father's death, his mother's second marriage was arranged by Hugh Capet.[2] She married Hugh's son Robert II, King of France as his first wife.[3] When Robert repudiated her in 991 Baldwin rebelled.[2] When they came to terms Artois and Ostrevant, once taken from Flanders, were returned to Baldwin.[a][2]
Unlike his predecessors Baldwin was more interested in what lay east of Flanders.[5] He left the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guînes, Hesdin, and St. Pol.[5] Baldwin was the first count of Flanders to extend Flemish control eastward.[2] He was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II.[2] He also received Valenciennes from the emperor.[2] Then Baldwin obtained parts of the Cambresis as well as Saint-Omer and the northern Ternois (1120).[6]
In the French territories the principality of Flanders remained powerful throughout the Capetian period.[2] The Flemish economy saw strong growth during Baldwin's reign.[2] Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.[1]
Family
Baldwin married first, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg,[7] by whom he had a son and heir:
- Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1012–1067). He succeeded his father as count.[7]
He secondly married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy,[8] by whom he had a daughter:
- Judith (1033–1094) who married Tostig Godwinson.[8] She secondly Welf I, Duke of Bavaria.[8]
Notes
- ↑ When Arnulf I's son, Baldwin III died in 962 it caused crisis of succession.[4] Baldwin's son Arnulf II 'the Young' (Baldwin IV's father) was still a child and his succession was uncertain.[4] Arnulf I offered the king, Lothair of France, Artois, Ponthieu, and Ostrevant in exchange for the king's protection of Arnulf II.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Jim Bradbury, The Capetians : Kings of France, 987-1314 (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 55
- ↑ Constance Brittain Bouchard, Those of My Blood: Creating Noble Families in Medieval Francia ( Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), p. 21
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Karine Ugé, Creating the Monastic Past in Medieval Flanders (Woodbridge; New York: The Boydell Press, 2006), p. 3
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jean Dunbabin. France in the Making 843-1180, Second Edition (Oxford; New York; Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 208
- ↑ Heather J Tanner, Families, Friends, and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England c. 879–1160 (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2004), pp. 73, 75-6, 77–8
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Richard Mylius Sherman, The Ghents: A Flemish Family in Norman England, UMI Dissertation Information Service, Ann Arbor, MI (1988), p. 214
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Philip Grierson, 'The Relations between England and Flanders before the Norman Conquest', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 23 (1941), pp. 109-110