Chunvalia Koli
Chunvalia,[1] or Chuvalia[2], Chunwalia[3] is a subcaste of the the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat.[4][5] the Chunvalia Kolis is athe first caste who adopted the Cricket game in India first.[6] Chunvalia Kolis were classified as Criminal Tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian Empire because of their Anti Social Activities such as Gang Robberies, Murder, Blackmailing, theft of animals and crops and Highway Robberies in Gujarat.[7] during the First World War, Chunwalia Kolis were enlisted as soldiers in British Indian Army by Bombay government of British India.[8]
Origin
The Chunvalia Kolis are said to be from forty four villages (Chunvalis) of Chunval Pradesh of Gujarat[9] or got their name from Chunval Pradesh which was ruled by Makwana Koli landlords.[10] Chunvalia kolis mostly found in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat.[11]
Clans
There are some prominent clans of Chunvalia Kolis:,[12]
- Makwana
- Jhala
- Degama
- Chauhan
- Kathechia
- Kobia
- Kararia
- Kagadia
- Dudhrejia
- Derwaria
- Parmar
- Baria
- Surela
- Kansagra
- Thakor
- Koladra
- Kordia
- Masen
- Indria
- Kukadia
- Karelia
- Chawda
- Jhinjhuwadia
- Dabhi
- Talsania
- Dudhrejia
- Detrola
- Shihora
- Padalia
- Panchsara
- Panaria
- Balolia
- Rojasra
- Santola
- Kansagra
- Kuretia
- Sarla
- Sarwala
- Barania
- Vadhlegia
- Unatia
- Wadesa
- Rodatla
- Khawadia
- Savadia
- Ranwadia
- Nandesalia
- Khokhalia
- Katosna
- Udesa
- Dadhrecha
- Vastapra
- Ughrejia
- Sitapra
Titles
Here are list of titles used by Chunvalia Kolis of Gujarat:,
- Thakor, or Thakarda,[13] used by Chunvalia Kolis who ruled over any principalities or was chief of villages or rich and high koli families.
- Pagi,[14] used by Chunvalia Kolis who served as a detective for rulers or any chief.
- Girasia,[15] used by royal chunvalia kolis who ruoed or controlled a Giras (jagir of Villages) granted by any ruler or chief
History
During the reign of Gujarat Sultanate, the Chunvalia Kolis under their chief or petty ruler were most turbulent caste and plundered the villages inhebited by Muslim souls. They killed the Viceroy of Sultanate, so Sahib Khan was appointed as Viceroy but he was displaced by Azam Khan because Depredations of Kolis had become frequent during weak Viceroy Sahib Khan.[16] after that, At this time Shaistah Khan marched against and defeated the Chunwalia Kolis, who, since Azam Khan’s time, had been ravaging the villages round Ahmadabad as well as those of Dholka, Kadi and Viramgam.[17]
In 1814, there was a general unrest in Gogha between the superior and inferior landowners owing to an unequal value of land revenue assessment and the haughty attitude of land proprietors and as a result an unceasing struggle was going on between them. So Chuvalia koli chiefs attacked and plundered the villages and created a disturbance in British controlled territory.[18] they again revolted in northeast of Ahmedabad district in 1819, 1824 and 1825. The Colonial State sent troops to suppress the Koli revolt and the koli Jagirdars were forced to give securities to villagers.[19] Chuvalia Kolis also depressed and make disorder in the Daskroi Taluka, Viramgam and Prantij.[20]
The Chunvalia Kolis were agriculturist but not good cultivators because of their dangerous charector. In 19th century, they troubled the British government much more because of their anti-social activities, the Bombay Presidency government sent British troops to control the Chunvalia Kolis but they tackle the troops valiantly.[21] so, the Chunvalia Kolis were labelled as Outlaw caste of Gujarat.[22] The Chunvalia Kolis were once known for their criminal activities but today are mainly engaged in cultivation.[23]
In Baroda State, Chunvalia Kolis are mostly found in the Kadi District. Fifty years ago, they were the terror of North Gujarat, Led by their chiefs Thakardas or Girasias, they lived in villages protected by impassable thorn fences and levied contributions from the districts round.[24]
Classification
The Chunvalia Kolis are Classified as a Other Backward Class, or OBC caste by Government of Gujarat and are traditionally Non-vegetarian.[25]
References
- ↑ Desai, Ishwarlal Pragji (1965). Some Aspects of Family in Mahuva: A Sociological Study of Jointness in a Small Town. New Delhi, India: Asia Publishing House. pp. 233: Thus, the Kolis of the coastal areas in Gujarat have mainly come to be known as Agaria. Today the Agarias have become a separate caste. They marry their daughters with other Kolis except the Chunvalia Koli.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Admin. "An assembly seat in Gujarat where the Koli society decides to win, not the political party". All Gujarat News. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Shah, Ghanshyam (1975). Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. p. 13.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "A community called Koli - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ "Numbers on their side, Kolis call for a better deal - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Drew, John (2021-12-06). "The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Shah, Popatlal Govindlal (1967). Vimukta Jatis: Denotified Communities in Western India. New Delhi, India: Gujarat Research Society. p. 20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War. New Delhi, India: Printed at the Government Central Press. 1919. p. 17.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Chahel, Paramjot Singh (2015-10-30). Undisclosed Facts of Tribal Life. New Delhi, India: Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4828-3834-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Williams, Raymond Brady; Trivedi, Yogi (2016-05-12). Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908959-8.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Jain, Jyotindra; Gujarat, Shreyas Folk Museum of (1980). Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat. New Delhi, India: Shreyas Prakashan. pp. 133: in Saurashtra, there are five branches of Koli caste: Khant, Talpada, Valakia, Chunvalia and Gedia.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar. New Delhi, India: Cosmo Publications. p. 98.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Tambs-Lyche, Harald (1996-12-31). Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India. New Delhi, India: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. pp. 130: Thakarda or Thakor is the title assumed by the higher families, rich or royal families among the Chunvalia Kolis of Viramgam, who are said to be the common Kolis of Cutch and to be found in Palanpur and in the Mahi Kantha. ISBN 978-81-7304-176-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Silverberg, James (1962). Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra. New Delhi, India: University of Wisconsin--Madison. pp. 31–32.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Enthoven, Reginald Edward (1924). The Folklore of Bombay. New Delhi, India: Clarendon Press. pp. 75: Shakta (or Shakti Mata). This is a royal Girasia Koli goddess attended upon by a Chunvalia Koli chiefs. On the Navaratra days, as well as on the following day, Girasias Chunvalia Kolis worship this goddess, and if necessary observe vowe in her name.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Rajyagor, S. B. (1982). History of Gujarat. New Delhi, India: S. Chand. p. 20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Watson, John Whaley (1876). History of Gujarat, Musalman Period, A.D. 1297-1760. Gujarat, British India: Printed at the Government Central Press. p. 75.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Nand, Brahma (2003). Fields and Farmers in Western India, 1850-1950. New Delhi, India: Bibliomatrix. p. 748. ISBN 978-81-901964-0-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Mishra, Jai Prakash; Sinha, Ram Mohan (1991). Aspects of Indian History: Professor Ram Mohan Sinha Commemoration Volume. New Delhi, India: Agam Kala Prakashan. p. 93.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Patel, Govindlal Dalsukhbhai (1969). The Land Revenue Settlements and the British Rule in India. New Delhi, India: Gujarat University. p. 29.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1957). The Mahadev Kolis. New Delhi, India: Popular Book Depot. p. 1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). Folktales of India. New Delhi, India: University of Chicago Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (2009). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. New Delhi, India: Gale Publications. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-4144-4891-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ A Glossary of Castes, Tribes, and Races in the Baroda State. Baroda State: Baroda State library. 1912. p. 17.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "Big picture: who's eating meat in Gujarat, and why ban non-veg food stalls from public roads in Ahmedabad, Vadodara". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 2022-03-28.